It's All Evens and Odds

Level 2

Graph showing region inside r = tan ( 2 θ ) r = \tan(2\theta) and r = cot ( 2 θ ) r = \cot(2\theta) .

Graph showing region inside r = tan ( 3 θ ) r = \tan(3\theta) and r = cot ( 3 θ ) r = \cot(3\theta) .

Let n n be a positive integer and n 2 n \geq 2 .

Find the area inside r = tan ( n θ ) r = \tan(n\theta) and r = cot ( n θ ) r = \cot(n\theta) and express the result to six decimal places.


The answer is 0.858407.

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1 solution

Rocco Dalto
Jul 6, 2018

Let n n be a positive integer and n 2 n \geq 2 .

The area A = 2 n ( 0 π 4 n tan 2 ( n θ ) d θ + π 4 n π 2 n cot 2 ( n θ ) d θ ) = A = 2n(\int_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4n}} \tan^2(n\theta) d\theta + \int_{\dfrac{\pi}{4n}}^{\dfrac{\pi}{2n}} \cot^2(n\theta) d\theta) = 2 n ( 0 π 4 n ( sec 2 ( n θ ) 1 ) d θ + π 4 n π 2 ( csc 2 ( n θ ) 1 ) d θ ) = 2n(\int_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4n}} (\sec^2(n\theta) - 1) d\theta + \int_{\dfrac{\pi}{4n}}^{\dfrac{\pi}{2}}(\csc^2(n\theta) - 1) d\theta) = 2 n ( 1 n tan ( n θ ) θ 0 π 4 n + 1 n cot ( n θ ) θ π 4 n π 2 ) = 2 n ( 2 n π 2 n ) = 4 π 0.858407 2n(\dfrac{1}{n}\tan(n\theta) - \theta|_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4n}} + -\dfrac{1}{n}\cot(n\theta) - \theta|_{\dfrac{\pi}{4n}}^{\dfrac{\pi}{2}}) = 2n(\dfrac{2}{n} - \dfrac{\pi}{2n}) = \boxed{4 - \pi} \approx \boxed{0.858407} .

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