In the bi-cone above let be the angle(in degrees) made between two surfaces.
Find the angle which minimizes the surface area of the bi-cone above when the volume is held constant.
Let .
There are two lines which are both tangent and normal to the above curve.
Find the angle (in degrees) made between the two lines above.
Find .
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We just need the top portion of the bi-cone, then double the angle in the final result.
V = 3 1 π r 2 h = K and S = π r r 2 + h 2 .
V = 3 1 π r 2 h = K ⟹ h = π r 2 3 K ⟹ S ( r ) = r π 2 r 6 + 9 K 2 ⟹
d r d S = r 2 π 2 r 6 + 9 K 2 2 π 2 r 6 − 9 K 2 = 0 r = 0 ⟹ r = ( 2 π 3 K ) 3 1 ⟹ h = ( π 6 k ) 3 1
⟹ tan ( 2 θ ) = r h = ( 2 2 ) 3 1 = 2 ⟹ θ = 2 arctan ( 2 ) ≈ 1 0 9 . 4 7 1 2 2 .
Let x ( t ) = a t 2 + b , y ( t ) = c t 3 + d ⟹ d x d y ∣ ( t = t 1 ) = 2 a 3 c t 1 ⟹ the tangent line to the curve at ( x ( t 1 ) , y ( t 1 ) ) is: y − ( c t 1 3 + d ) = 2 a 3 c t 1 ( x − ( a t 1 2 + b ) )
Let the line be normal to the curve at ( x ( t 2 ) , y ( t 2 ) ) ⟹ c ( t 2 − t 1 ) ( t 2 2 + t 1 t 2 + t 1 2 ) = 2 3 c t 1 ( t 2 − t 1 ) ( t 2 + t 1 ) ⟹ 2 c ( t 2 − t 1 ) ( 2 t 2 2 − t 1 t 2 − t 1 2 ) = 0 t 1 = t 2 ⟹ t 2 = − 2 t 1
Since the tangent is also normal to the curve at ( x ( t 2 ) , y ( t 2 ) ) ⟹ 4 a 2 9 c 2 t 1 t 2 = − 1 ⟹ 8 a 2 9 c 2 t 1 2 = 1 ⟹ t 1 = ± 3 c 2 2 a ⟹ the two slopes are ± 2 .
tan ( 2 λ ) = 2 ⟹ λ = 2 arctan ( 2 ) ≈ 1 0 9 . 4 7 1 2 2 .
⟹ θ λ = 1 .
.