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Algebra Level 4

1 n + 1 + 1 n + 2 + + 1 2 n + 1 < a 2014 1 7 \large \displaystyle\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\ldots+\frac{1}{2n+1}\lt a-2014\frac{1}{7}

Find the sum of digits of the least positive integer a a such that the inequality above holds for every positive integer n n .


The answer is 8.

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1 solution

Priyatam Roy
Dec 29, 2014

Denote f ( n ) = 1 n + 1 + 1 n + 2 + + 1 2 n + 1 f(n)=\displaystyle\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2n+1} and observe that f ( n ) > f ( n + 1 ) f(n)\gt f(n+1) for all positive n. Indeed,

f ( n ) f ( n + 1 ) = 1 n + 1 1 2 n + 2 1 2 n + 3 = 1 2 n + 2 1 2 n + 3 > 0. \begin{aligned}\displaystyle f(n)-f(n+1) &= \frac{1}{n+1}-\frac{1}{2n+2}-\frac{1}{2n+3}\\ &= \frac{1}{2n+2}-\frac{1}{2n+3}\\ &\gt 0. \end{aligned}

This shows that f f attains its maximum at n = 1 n=1 . Therefore, suffice it to consider the inequality f ( 1 ) < a 2014 1 7 \displaystyle f(1)\lt a-2014\frac{1}{7} , i.e.,

1 2 + 1 3 < a 2014 1 7 . \displaystyle \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}\lt a-2014\frac{1}{7}. From here a satisfies a > 2014 + 5 6 + 1 7 = 2014 41 42 \displaystyle a\gt 2014+\frac{5}{6}+\frac{1}{7}=2014\frac{41}{42} . Obviously a = 2015 a=2015 is the least integer that satisfies this inequality.

Amazing solution. BTW is it wrong if I solved this using Cauchy Schwartz inequality. Getting the same thing as you.

Aayush Patni - 6 years, 3 months ago

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