It's Hard To Find A Square

Let ( m 1 , n 1 ) , ( m 2 , n 2 ) , , ( m k , n k ) (m_1,n_1),(m_2,n_2),\ldots,(m_k,n_k) be positive integer solutions of m m and n n such that m m is a perfect square and m = n 2 + 23 n + 175 m=n^2+23n+175 is satisfied. If m 1 > m 2 > > m k m_1 > m_2 > \ldots>m_k , find the value of i = 1 k ( 30 ) i 1 m i n i \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^k (-30)^{i-1} m_i n_i .

You can also try my problem The Smallest k .


The answer is 43819.

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2 solutions

Let m = k 2 m = k^2 for some integer k k , and proceed to rewrite the original equation slightly, k 2 = n 2 + 23 n + 175 n 2 + 23 n + 175 k 2 = 0 k^2 = n^2 + 23n + 175 \Rightarrow n^2 + 23n + 175 - k^2 = 0 We treat the equation above as a quadratic equation in n n and consider its discriminant D = 2 3 2 4 ( 175 k 2 ) = 4 k 2 171 D = 23^2 - 4(175-k^2) = 4k^2 - 171 We wish D D to be equal to some perfect square, say d 2 d^2 , as we are looking for integral solutions. Hence, D = d 2 ( 2 k d ) ( 2 k + d ) = 171 = 3 2 19 D = d^2 \Rightarrow (2 k - d)(2k +d) = 171 = 3^2 \cdot 19 Solving the equation above yields the following integral values for k k , k = ± 43 , ± 15 , ± 7 k = \pm 43, \pm 15, \pm 7

Plugging those values for k k into our quadratic equation in n n and solving it, yields the following positive pairs of integral solutions, ( k , n ) = ( 15 , 2 ) , ( 43 , 31 ) (k, n) = (15, 2), (43, 31) The sum we are asked to find the value for can now be computed, i = 1 2 ( 30 ) i 1 m i n i = ( 30 ) 1 1 4 3 2 31 + ( 30 ) 2 1 1 5 2 2 = 43819 \sum_{i=1}^{2} (-30)^{i - 1} m_i n_i = (-30)^{1 - 1} \cdot 43^2 \cdot 31 + (-30)^{2 - 1} \cdot 15^2\cdot 2 = \boxed{43819}

Yep. That simple! Overrated! Did the same!

Kartik Sharma - 6 years, 4 months ago
Calvin Lin Staff
Oct 13, 2014

[This is not a solution.]

This problem previously stated ( 30 ) i 1 m i n i \sum ( -30) ^{i-1} m_i n_i , for which the correct answer would be 43819. Those who previously entered 43819 have been marked correct.

Thanks for this @Calvin Lin

Shubhendra Singh - 6 years, 8 months ago

Login with facebook (somehow i logged out) and for some reason it became not answered (as if i gave up, which i did not). Help?

Lam Nguyen - 6 years, 4 months ago

Okay, but why is the correct answer still 43819? Should be changed to 433

Eilon Lavi - 6 years, 5 months ago

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