It's just a little fight, not breakup

Calculus Level 4

Once a couple was caught in an unending argument due to some unknown reasons. They got irritated from each other and decided to move away. They started moving with velocities 2 + 2 m / s \SI[per-mode=symbol]{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}{\meter\per\second} at the same time from the junction of two roads inclined to 4 5 45^\circ to each other. If they travel by different roads, find the rate at which they are being separated?


The answer is 1.414.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Sep 21, 2017

The couple are walking at the same velocity of 2 + 2 \sqrt{2+\sqrt 2} on two roads at 4 5 45^\circ . The rate they are being separated is given by:

r = 2 2 + 2 cos 67. 5 Note that cos θ = sin ( 9 0 θ ) = 2 2 + 2 sin 22. 5 = 2 2 + 2 1 2 2 2 See note. = 4 2 = 2 1.414 \begin{aligned} r & = 2 \sqrt{2+\sqrt 2} \color{#3D99F6} \cos 67.5^\circ & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Note that }\cos \theta = \sin (90^\circ - \theta) \\ & = 2 \sqrt{2+\sqrt 2} \color{#3D99F6} \sin 22.5^\circ \\ & = 2 \sqrt{2+\sqrt 2} \cdot \color{#3D99F6} \frac 12 \sqrt{2-\sqrt 2} & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{See note.} \\ & = \sqrt{4-2} = \sqrt 2 \approx \boxed{1.414} \end{aligned}


Note:

1 2 sin 2 22. 5 = cos 4 5 = 1 2 sin 22 / 5 = 1 2 2 2 \begin{aligned} 1 - 2 \sin^2 22.5^\circ & = \cos 45^\circ = \frac 1{\sqrt 2} \\ \implies \sin 22/5^\circ & = \frac 12 \sqrt{2-\sqrt 2} \end{aligned}

Tom Engelsman
Dec 8, 2019

Building upon Chew-Seong's isosceles triangle diagram, let s ( t ) = 2 + 2 t s(t) = \sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \cdot t be a function of side length vs. time for each person. Their separation, L(t), can be computed from the diagram using the Law of Cosines:

L ( t ) 2 = 2 s ( t ) 2 2 s ( t ) 2 c o s ( π 4 ) = ( 2 2 ( 1 2 ) ) s ( t ) 2 = ( 2 2 ) s ( t ) 2 L(t)^{2} = 2s(t)^{2} - 2s(t)^{2} \cdot cos(\frac{\pi}{4}) = (2 - 2 \cdot (\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})) \cdot s(t)^{2} = (2 - \sqrt{2}) \cdot s(t)^{2} ;

or L ( t ) = 2 2 s ( t ) L(t) = \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2}} \cdot s(t) . Since we are interested in the rate of separation (I.e. d L d t ) \frac{dL}{dt}) , differentiating with respect to t t gives:

d L d t = 2 2 d s d t = 2 2 2 + 2 = 2 2 ( 2 ) 2 = 4 2 = 2 \frac{dL}{dt} = \sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{ds}{dt} = \sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} = \sqrt{2^2 - (\sqrt{2})^2} = \sqrt{4-2} = \boxed{\sqrt{2}} m/s.

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