Once a couple was caught in an unending argument due to some unknown reasons. They got irritated from each other and decided to move away. They started moving with velocities
2
+
2
m
/
s
at the same time from the junction of two roads inclined to
4
5
∘
to each other. If they travel by different roads, find the rate at which they are being separated?
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Building upon Chew-Seong's isosceles triangle diagram, let s ( t ) = 2 + 2 ⋅ t be a function of side length vs. time for each person. Their separation, L(t), can be computed from the diagram using the Law of Cosines:
L ( t ) 2 = 2 s ( t ) 2 − 2 s ( t ) 2 ⋅ c o s ( 4 π ) = ( 2 − 2 ⋅ ( 2 1 ) ) ⋅ s ( t ) 2 = ( 2 − 2 ) ⋅ s ( t ) 2 ;
or L ( t ) = 2 − 2 ⋅ s ( t ) . Since we are interested in the rate of separation (I.e. d t d L ) , differentiating with respect to t gives:
d t d L = 2 − 2 ⋅ d t d s = 2 − 2 ⋅ 2 + 2 = 2 2 − ( 2 ) 2 = 4 − 2 = 2 m/s.
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The couple are walking at the same velocity of 2 + 2 on two roads at 4 5 ∘ . The rate they are being separated is given by:
r = 2 2 + 2 cos 6 7 . 5 ∘ = 2 2 + 2 sin 2 2 . 5 ∘ = 2 2 + 2 ⋅ 2 1 2 − 2 = 4 − 2 = 2 ≈ 1 . 4 1 4 Note that cos θ = sin ( 9 0 ∘ − θ ) See note.
Note:
1 − 2 sin 2 2 2 . 5 ∘ ⟹ sin 2 2 / 5 ∘ = cos 4 5 ∘ = 2 1 = 2 1 2 − 2