It's Raining Chocolates

2 100 + 3 100 2^{100} + 3^{100} chocolates are to be distributed equally amongst 7 children. How many chocolates will be left undistributed?


The answer is 6.

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3 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
May 11, 2016

2 100 + 3 100 ( 2 3 ) 33 + 1 (mod 7) + ( 3 3 ) 33 + 1 (mod 7) We note that: 2 3 = 8 1 (mod 7) and 3 3 = 27 1 (mod 7) 2 ( 1 ) (mod 7) + 3 ( 1 ) (mod 7) 2 (mod 7) 3 (mod 7) 1 (mod 7) 6 (mod 7) \begin{aligned} 2^{100} + 3^{100} & \equiv (\color{#3D99F6}{2^3})^{33+1} \text{(mod 7)} + (\color{#3D99F6}{3^3})^{33+1}\text{(mod 7)} \quad \quad \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{We note that: } 2^3 = 8 \equiv 1 \text{(mod 7)} \text{ and } 3^3 = 27 \equiv -1 \text{(mod 7)}} \\ & \equiv 2(\color{#3D99F6}{1}) \text{(mod 7)} + 3(\color{#3D99F6}{-1}) \text{(mod 7)} \\ & \equiv 2 \text{(mod 7)} - 3 \text{(mod 7)} \\ & \equiv -1 \text{(mod 7)} \\ & \equiv \boxed{6} \text{(mod 7)}\end{aligned}

Nice coloured solution.

Ashish Menon - 5 years ago
Hana Wehbi
May 11, 2016

2 10 ( m o d 7 ) = 2 2^{10} (mod 7)= 2

3 10 ( m o d 7 ) = 4 3^{10} (mod 7)= 4 ; thus,

2 100 = ( 2 10 ) 10 = 2 10 m o d ( 7 ) = 2 ( m o d 7 ) 2^{100}=(2^{10})^{10}=2^{10} mod(7) =2 (mod 7) and

3 100 = ( 3 10 ) 10 = 3 10 m o d ( 7 ) = 4 ( m o d 7 ) 3^{100}=(3^{10})^{10}=3^{10} mod (7)=4 (mod 7) ; therefore, r e m a i n d e r = 4 + 2 = 6 remainder=4+2=6

How I hope I was one of the seven children there. Nice solution.

Ashish Menon - 5 years ago
Dragan Marković
May 10, 2016

We can see that 3 1 3^{1} is congurent to 3 (mod 7) and respected remainders are: 3 , 2 , 6 , 4 , 5 , 1 3,2,6,4,5,1 for 3 1 , 3 2 . . . . 3 6 3^{1} ,3^{2}....3^{6} now 3 7 3^{7} is congurent to 3 1 3^{1} and 3 100 3^{100} is congurent to 3 4 3^{4} so the remainder is 6 6 for 3 100 3^{100} (congurent by module 7 of course). Similarily we find out that powers of 2 give remainders of 2 , 4 , 1 2,4,1 respectively and 2 100 2^{100} is congurent to 2 1 2^{1} so the remainder is 2. Adding those two we get 6 and 6 divided by 7 gives us the remainder 6 6

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