A bat is flying with the speed 18 m/s toward the barrier, when it distance from the barrier is 3.78 meters the bat emits an ultrasonic pulse with 34 kHz frequency. If the wavelength of the pulse is 1 cm, Calculate the time difference (in millisecond) between the bat emits the pulse and hear it.
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Firstly, the speed of sound:
c = f λ = 3 4 0 0 0 s − 1 × 0 . 0 1 m = 3 4 0 m s − 1 .
Now, let t s be the time between the pulse being emitted and received. Consider the distance d m travelled by the bat and by the pulse in this time:
d b a t = 1 8 t ; d p u l s e = 3 4 0 t .
We know that the pulse travels 3 . 7 8 m to the wall, and ( 3 . 7 8 − d b a t ) m back to the bat. So:
d p u l s e = 3 . 7 8 + ( 3 . 7 8 − d b a t ) ,
i.e.
3 4 0 t = 3 . 7 8 + ( 3 . 7 8 − 1 8 t )
⇒ 3 5 8 t = 7 . 5 6
⇒ t = 7 . 5 6 ÷ 3 5 8 = 0 . 0 2 1 1 …
So, to the nearest millisecond, the time taken for the pulse to return to the bat is
2 1 m s .