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Algebra Level 4

A "millennium" series is a series of consecutive positive integers that add up to 2000. Let m be the smallest number in a "millennium" series. What is the minimum value of m?


The answer is 47.

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2 solutions

Joshua Ong
Apr 24, 2014

So we know we have a series m + m + 1 + m + 2 + m + 3 + n times = 2000. \underbrace{m+m+1+m+2+m+3+\ldots}_\text{n times}=2000. We use the arithmetic progression formula S n = n 2 ( 2 a + ( n 1 ) d ) S_n=\frac{n}{2}(2a+(n-1)d) for this series. So we get n 2 ( 2 m + n 1 ) = 2000 \frac{n}{2}(2m+n-1)=2000 because d=1 and a=m. By rearranging the equation, we get 2 m n + n 2 n = 4000 2mn+n^2-n=4000 which is rearranged and factorised to n 2 + ( 2 m 1 ) n 4000 = 0. n^2+(2m-1)n-4000=0. We notice that 2m-1 is trivially odd. So we want to factorise this equation to the form of ( n ? ? ? ) ( n ? ? ? ) (n ? ? ? )(n ? ? ? ) where we need to fill in the ???s. We actually have many solutions for this, but we need the case in which we have the smallest m. So, to minimise m, we first factorise 4000 to get 4000 = 2 5 × 5 3 . 4000=2^5\times5^3. Now we realise there are only a few combinations, namely 5 × 800 , 25 × 160 and 125 × 32. 5\times800, 25\times160 \text{ and} 125\times32. Then, we realise we need the pair with the least difference so we can minimise m. So we have the factorisation ( n 32 ) ( n + 125 ) = 0. (n-32)(n+125)=0. So we have n 2 + 93 n 4000 = 0 n^2+93n-4000=0 and thus leading to 2 m 1 = 94 2m-1=94 and thus m = 47 m=\boxed{47}

Actually, there's no such a few pairs of numbers in which their product is 4000 4000 ; there's exactly 24 24 and you had to prove that to minimize m m , you had to choose the one with the least difference. I'd rather do that by isolating m m in the equation 2 m n + n ˆ 2 n = 4000 2mn+nˆ{2}-n=4000 :

m = 2000 n + 1 n 2 m= \frac{2000}{n} + \frac{1-n}{2} Now, clearly, we see the greater n n the less m m .

Dieuler Oliveira - 6 years, 10 months ago
Chew-Seong Cheong
Sep 13, 2014

Same logic as Joshua's solution but perhaps better explanation on how to get the final solution.

From: m + ( m + 1 ) + ( m + 2 ) + . . . + ( m + n 1 ) = 2000 m + (m+1) + (m+2) + ... + (m+n-1) = 2000

n ( 2 m + n 1 ) 2 = 2000 \Rightarrow \dfrac {n(2m+n-1)} {2} = 2000

2 m = 4000 n n + 1 \Rightarrow 2m = \dfrac {4000}{n} - n + 1

Our task is to find the largest n n that satisfies the above equation.

We note that since L H S LHS is always even, R H S RHS must also be even. We also note that 4000 = 2 5 × 5 3 4000 = 2^5 \times 5^3 . When n n is odd, that is n = 5 , 25 , 125 n = 5, 25, 125 , then both 4000 n \frac{4000}{n} and n + 1 n+1 are even. We notice that n = 125 n = 125 gives a negative m m which is unacceptable. When n = 25 n=25 , m = 68 m = 68 .

Now, consider when n n is even. Then n + 1 n+1 is odd and 4000 n \frac {4000} {n} has to be odd too. This will only happen when n = 32 n=32 and then 4000 n = 125 \frac{4000}{n} = 125 which is odd. Therefore,

2 m = 4000 32 32 + 1 = 125 32 + 1 = 94 \Rightarrow 2m = \dfrac {4000}{32} - 32 + 1 = 125 - 32 + 1 = 94

m = 47 \Rightarrow m = \boxed{47} , which is smaller than 68 68 .

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