It's Trivial?-2

Algebra Level 5

Let a n a_n be defined as a sequence such that a n a_n is the geometric mean of the 6 numbers before it. Also, a i = i 21 , 1 i 6 a_i=i^{21},1 \leq i \leq 6 .Let a = L a_\infty = L . Find number of trailing zeros of L L .

Note:-trailing zeros means number of zeros at the the end of the number. Ex:-120 has 1 trailing zero


The answer is 5.

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1 solution

Ariel Gershon
Feb 11, 2015

It's easy to see that for all n N n \in \mathbb{N} , a n a_n is of the form k = 1 6 a k b k , n \prod_{k=1}^{6} a_k^{b_{k,n}} , where b k , n Q b_{k,n} \in \mathbb{Q} .

For 1 k 6 1 \le k \le 6 , let c k = lim n b k , n c_k = \lim_{n \to \infty} b_{k,n} . (I won't bother proving that these limits exist because it's a little tedious). Hence, L = lim n a n = k = 1 6 a k c k L = \lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = \prod_{k=1}^{6} a_k^{c_k} Note that this formula holds regardless of what the initial conditions are. Hence, if we were to ignore the first number in the sequence and use the next 6 6 numbers as the initial conditions, the same formula will work (and they will have the same limit because they are parts of the same sequence). Therefore, k = 1 6 a k c k = L = k = 1 6 a k + 1 c k \prod_{k=1}^{6} a_k^{c_k} = L = \prod_{k=1}^{6} a_{k+1}^{c_k} Now a 7 = k = 1 6 a k 6 a_7 = \sqrt[6]{\prod_{k=1}^{6} a_k} . Therefore, k = 1 6 a k c k = L = a 1 c 6 / 6 a 2 c 1 + c 6 / 6 a 3 c 2 + c 6 / 6 a 4 c 3 + c 6 / 6 a 5 c 4 + c 6 / 6 a 6 c 5 + c 6 / 6 \prod_{k=1}^{6} a_k^{c_k} = L = a_{1}^{c_6/6} a_2^{c_1+c_6/6} a_3^{c_2+c_6/6} a_4^{c_3+c_6/6} a_5^{c_4+c_6/6} a_6^{c_5+c_6/6} Matching up the exponents gives c 1 = c 6 6 , c 2 = c 1 + c 6 6 c_1 = \frac{c_6}{6}, c_2 = c_1 + \frac{c_6}{6} , and so on. Simplifying a little, we get that c k = k c 1 c_k = k c_1 for 1 k 6 1 \le k \le 6 . Therefore, L = ( k = 1 6 a k k ) c 1 L = \left(\prod_{k=1}^{6} a_k^k\right)^{c_1}

So now we need to find c 1 c_1 . Suppose, for a moment, that all the initial conditions are equal to the same number a a . Then logically, L = a L = a because the geometric mean of 6 6 equal numbers always gives the same number. Hence, plugging in these numbers gives us: a = k = 1 6 a c k = a i = 1 6 c i a = \prod_{k=1}^{6} a^{c_k} = a^{\sum_{i=1}^{6} c_i} Hence, k = 1 6 c k = 1 \sum_{k=1}^{6} c_k = 1 k = 1 6 k c 1 = 1 \sum_{k=1}^{6} k c_1 = 1 21 c 1 = 1 21c_1 = 1 Thus c 1 = 1 21 c_1 = \frac{1}{21} . Therefore, we finally get the elegant formula: L = k = 1 6 a k k 21 = 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 = 4031078400000 L = \sqrt[21]{\prod_{k=1}^{6}a_k^k} = 1^1 2^2 3^3 4^4 5^5 6^6 = 4031078400000 This number has 5 \boxed{5} trailing zeroes.

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