If I = ∫ 1 2 ( cot − 1 x − 1 ) 2 d x , find the value of π π 2 + 8 I − 8 ln 2 .
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I=
∫
1
2
(
a
r
c
c
o
t
s
q
r
t
(
x
−
1
)
)
2
Put x-1 =
t
2
I
=
∫
0
1
t
×
(
a
r
c
c
o
t
t
)
2
d
t
=> dx=2tdt
Using integration by parts we can choose t as the first function and arccot(t)
as the second function. You will get the final answer as
−
8
π
2
+
2
π
+
ln
2
. Then by solving the fraction and rearranging the terms you will get the answer as 4.
Please tell me if anyone needs the complete solution.
Is there any shorter method?
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Personally I don't prefer integration by parts. But when you get t*cot^-1(t) integration by parts will give you an answer in 3 steps. I think that using this method we can solve the question in 3 minutes. I'll let you know if I get a shorter method.
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Let cot − 1 ( x − 1 ) = tan − 1 ( x − 1 1 ) = θ .
⇒ tan θ sec 2 θ d θ ⇒ d x = x − 1 1 = − 2 ( x − 1 ) 3 1 d x = − 2 tan 3 θ d x = − sin 3 θ 2 cos θ d θ
Then, we have:
I = ∫ 1 2 ( cot − 1 ( x − 1 ) ) 2 d x = 2 ∫ 4 π 2 π sin 3 θ θ 2 cos θ d θ By integration by parts: u = θ 2 , d v = sin 3 θ cos θ d θ = 2 [ − 2 sin 2 θ θ 2 ] 4 π 2 π + 2 ∫ 4 π 2 π sin 2 θ θ d θ u = θ , d v = sin 2 θ d θ = − 8 π 2 + 2 [ − θ cot θ ] 4 π 2 π + 2 ∫ 4 π 2 π cot θ d θ = − 8 π 2 + 2 π + 2 [ ln ( sin θ ) ] 4 π 2 π = − 8 π 2 + 2 π + ln 2
Therefore,
⇒ π π 2 + 8 I − 8 ln 2 = π π 2 + 8 ( − 8 π 2 + 2 π + ln 2 ) − 8 ln 2 = 4