JEE Novice - (26)

Geometry Level 1

{ sin θ + csc θ = 2 sin n θ + csc n θ = ? \Large \begin{cases} \sin\theta & + & \csc\theta & = & 2 \\ \sin^{n} \theta & + & \csc^{n}\theta & = & ? \end{cases}

Assume θ \theta is a real number.


This question is a part of JEE Novices .


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Josh Banister
May 28, 2015

Let x = sin θ x = \sin\theta such that the top equation becomes x + 1 x = 2 x + \frac{1}{x} = 2 . From this x x has to be positive because otherwise if x x is negative then 1 x \frac{1}{x} will be negative so their sum will be negative which is not the case. From this we can use the AM=GM mean. x + 1 x 2 x 1 x = 1 x + 1 x 2 \frac{x + \frac{1}{x}}{2} \geq \sqrt{x\frac{1}{x}} = 1 \\ x + \frac{1}{x} \geq 2 Since equality holds when x = 1 x x = \frac{1}{x} , for the top equation to be true, x = 1 sin θ = csc θ = 1 x = 1 \implies \sin\theta = \csc\theta = 1

1 to the power of any real number remains at 1 so sin n θ + csc n θ = 1 n + 1 n = 2 \sin^n\theta + \csc^n\theta = 1^n + 1^n \\ = \boxed{2}

A simpler solution to this problem is to realize that θ = π / 2 + 2 n π \theta=\pi/2+2n\pi where n is an integer, since sin θ = csc θ = 1 \sin\theta=\csc\theta=1 is required to satisfy sin θ + csc θ = 2 ) \sin\theta+\csc\theta=2) so the second equation becomes sin n θ + csc n θ = 1 n + 1 n = 2 \sin^n\theta+\csc^n\theta=1^n+1^n=2

Scott Ripperda - 5 years, 8 months ago

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That's only for one value of theta. You need to show it's true for all values.

Josh Banister - 5 years, 8 months ago

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The solution still holds although it is not as general. It is actually true for values of θ = π 2 + 2 n π \theta=\frac{\pi}{2}+2n\pi . All it says is to assume that θ \theta is a real number, which it is if chosen as θ = π 2 \theta=\frac{\pi}{2} , so there is no problem with the above solution.

Scott Ripperda - 5 years, 8 months ago

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