JOMO 6, Short 7

Algebra Level 5

Given that a + b + c = 6 a+b+c =6 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 66 a^2+b^2+c^2 =66 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 666 a^3+b^3+c^3 = 666

Then find the last 3 digits of a 4 + b 4 + c 4 a^4+b^4+c^4


The answer is 346.

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2 solutions

( a + b + c ) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) (a+b+c)^2 = a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ca)

a b + b c + c a = ( a + b + c ) 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 2 = 6 2 66 2 = 15 \Rightarrow ab+bc+ca = \frac{(a+b+c)^2 - a^2+b^2+c^2}{2} = \frac{6^2-66}{2} = -15

a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3 a b c = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a ) a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc = (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)

666 3 a b c = 6 × ( 66 + 15 ) \Rightarrow 666-3abc = 6 \times (66+15)

a b c = 60 \Rightarrow abc = 60

( a b + b c + c a ) 2 = a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 + 2 a 2 b c + 2 a b 2 c + 2 a b c 2 (ab+bc+ca)^2 =a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2

( a b + b c + c a ) 2 = a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 + 2 a b c ( a + b + c ) \Rightarrow (ab+bc+ca)^2 = a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc(a+b+c)

( 15 ) 2 = a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 + 2 × 60 × 6 \Rightarrow (-15)^2 = a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2 + 2\times 60 \times 6

a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 = 495 \Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2 = -495

( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) 2 = a 4 + b 4 + c 4 + 2 ( a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + a 2 c 2 ) (a^2+b^2+c^2)^2 = a^4+b^4+c^4+2(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2)

6 6 2 = a 4 + b 4 + c 4 + 2 × ( 495 ) \Rightarrow 66^2 = a^4+b^4+c^4 + 2\times (-495)

a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = 5346 \Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4 = 5346

Last 3 digits are 346 \boxed{346}

After you found out that a b c = 60 abc=60 , you could've just used a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = ( a + b + c ) ( a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) ( a b + b c + c a ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) + a b c ( a + b + c ) \displaystyle a^4+b^4+c^4=(a+b+c)(a^3+b^3+c^3)-(ab+bc+ca)(a^2+b^2+c^2)+abc(a+b+c)

Another method is using Newton's Sums. Let x 1 , x 2 , x 3 x_1,x_2,x_3 be the roots of the polynomial x 3 6 x 2 15 x 60 x^3-6x^2-15x-60 . Then we have x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = 6 x_1+x_2+x_3=6 , x 1 2 + x 2 2 + x 3 2 = 66 x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2=66 and x 1 3 + x 2 3 + x 3 3 = 666 x_1^3+x_2^3+x_3^3=666 . But these are exactly the same sums we have for a , b , c a,b,c and the 4th sum we're searching for has to be unique (not sure yet how to prove this, though. Can anyone here prove this?), and in this case we have x 1 4 + x 2 4 + x 3 4 = 346 x_1^4+x_2^4+x_3^4=346 . Therefore, that is the sum a 4 + b 4 + c 4 a^4+b^4+c^4 as well.

mathh mathh - 6 years, 11 months ago

you have taken (a^2 +b^2 +c^2)^2 but i hv taken (a+b+c)^4 so why my answer is not right i.e. (a+b+c)^4 =a^4 +b^4+c^4 +2 x (-495) and im getting the answer 3286

ashish kumar tiwari - 6 years, 10 months ago

SIMPLE AND REMARKABLE SOLUTION. CONGRATULATIONS!

Sajid PK Pattakkal - 6 years, 10 months ago

I was surprised that actually a,b,c are not real QUITE FASCINATING!!!!

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 10 months ago
Josh Speckman
Jul 29, 2014

Consider the cubic ( x a ) ( x b ) ( x c ) (x-a)(x-b)(x-c) , which can be expressed as x 3 + p 1 x 2 + p 2 x + p 3 x^3+p_1x^2+p_2x+p_3 . By Newton's Sums, we have 6 + p 1 = 0 p 1 = 6 6+p_1 = 0 \rightarrow p_1=-6 . This leads us to obtain 66 36 + 2 a 2 = 0 p 2 = 15 66-36+2a_2 = 0 \rightarrow p_2=-15 , and 666 396 90 + 3 a 3 = 0 p 3 = 60 666-396-90+3a_3=0 \rightarrow p_3=-60 . Thus, a a , b b , and c c are the roots of the polynomial x 3 6 x 2 15 x 60 = 0 x^3-6x^2-15x-60=0 . We now apply Newton's Sums once more to obtain a 4 + b 4 + c 4 3996 990 360 = 0 a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = 5346 a^4+b^4+c^4-3996-990-360=0 \rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=5346 and the last 3 3 digits are 346 \boxed{346} .

In my opinion, Newton's Sum is way faster and simpler, since it doesn't include any tedious calculations. If you can arrange your solution, that'll be better!

Christopher Boo - 6 years, 7 months ago

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