A ring of mass m =1 kg can slide over a smooth vertical rod. A light string attached to the ring passing over a smooth fixed pulley at a distance of L = 0.7 m from the rod. At the other end of the string , mass M = 5 kg is attached , lying over a smooth fixed inclined plane of inclination angle . The ring is held in level with the pulley and released . Determine the velocity of ring when the string makes an angle with the horizontal.
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Consider ( Ring + block + string + Earth ) as a system
Interesting thing of this question is that we don't need to calculate it's velocity ! Because change in potential energy of system is zero , So By Cons. of energy, change in kinetic energy of system is zero and since system is constrained So velocity of both bodies must be zero !
Mathematically :
Since decrease in Potential energy of ring :
Δ P E = − m g L tan ( 3 7 0 ) = − 4 3 g L .
Increase in PE of block :
Δ P E = + M g L ( sec ( 3 7 0 ) − 1 ) = + 4 3 g L ..
So Δ P E n e t = 0 = Δ K E n e t .
V r i n g = 0 .
Q.E.D
Note : Constrained motion relation between ring and block is ;
V b l o c k = V r i n g sin ( 3 7 0 ) .