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Find the units digit of the number

10 0 2 + 10 1 2 + 10 2 2 + + 99 8 2 + 99 9 2 + 100 0 2 100^2 + 101^2 + 102^2 + \ldots + 998^2 + 999^2 + 1000^2

7 0 1 2 3 5 6 4

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1 solution

Nelson Mandela
Aug 28, 2015

When we observe the unit digit of squares we observe a striking pattern.

1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81.

Let us observe the units digit of the first 9 squares.

1,4,9,6,5,6,9,4,1.

It is a palindrome and the sum is equal to 45.

Square of every multiple of 10 will end with a zero.

Moreover, the unit digit of squares only depends on the unit digit of the number itself.

So, we can see a repetition of this sequence with a period of 10.

So, the sum of the unit digits of the sequence will be 45 x 90 which ends with a zero.

However, the best method to this is to use the series formula.

n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 6 \frac { n(n+1)(2n+1) }{ 6 } .

Here, n = 1000. So, it becomes.

1000 ( 1000 + 1 ) ( 2 × 1000 + 1 ) 6 = 500 × 1001 × 667 \frac { 1000(1000+1)(2\times 1000+1) }{ 6 } \quad =\quad 500\times 1001\times 667 .

Which always ends in a zero which is the units digit.

Same as mine

Adam Phúc Nguyễn - 5 years, 9 months ago

My approach was similar to yours. I saw that the unit digit of first 4 numbers give 20 as their sum. So 1000/4 => it will also yield a unit digit of 0

Satyajit Ghosh - 5 years, 9 months ago

Why the answer is 0, does the sum contain 102^2?

Yao Feng Ooi - 5 years, 9 months ago

Very well written..!:)

Yuki Kuriyama - 5 years, 9 months ago

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Thanks @Yuki Kuriyama !

Nelson Mandela - 5 years, 9 months ago

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