Just need your brain

A = 1 1 5 + 1 3 6 + 1 5 7 \large A = 11^5 + 13^6 + 15^7

Find the last digit of A A .

1 4 3 5 2

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4 solutions

Nelson Mandela
Jan 23, 2015

units digits of 11 is 1, 13 is 3 and 15 is 5.

the units digit of powers repeat after 4 times periodically.

example, 2 4 8 16(6) 32(2) 64(4).

so,

1^5 = 1.

3^6 has the same units digit as 3^2 = 9.

5^7 has the same units digit as 5^3 = 125(5).

so, 1 + 9 + 5 = 5.

Moderator note:

Great. Can you find the second last digit of A A instead?

To find the second last digit we first need to find 1 1 5 + 1 3 6 + 1 5 7 ( m o d 100 ) \large{11^5+13^6+15^7} \pmod {100} . The last two digits of a power of 11 11 repeat every 10 10 powers, i.e.

1 1 1 11 ( m o d 100 ) 11^1 \equiv 11 \pmod {100}

1 1 2 21 ( m o d 100 ) 11^2 \equiv 21 \pmod {100}

1 1 3 31 ( m o d 100 ) 11^3 \equiv 31 \pmod {100}

1 1 4 41 ( m o d 100 ) 11^4 \equiv 41 \pmod {100}

and so on until

1 1 10 01 ( m o d 100 ) 11^{10} \equiv 01 \pmod {100} , and then we're back to

1 1 11 11 ( m o d 100 ) 11^{11} \equiv 11 \pmod {100} .

Therefore, we know already that the last two digits of 1 1 5 11^5 are 51 51 .

We can carry out the selfsame procedure with 13 13 : this is a bit more messy. However, by calculating every power before 6 6 of 13 13 , and then calculating 1 3 6 ( m o d 100 ) 13^6 \pmod {100} , this can be done, though quite slowly. We will finally find that the last two digits of 1 3 6 13^6 are 09 09 .

Thus far, we have that 1 1 5 + 1 3 6 + 1 5 7 ( m o d 100 ) 60 + 1 5 5 ( m o d 100 ) 11^5+13^6+15^7 \pmod {100} \equiv 60+15^5 \pmod {100} . We can calculate that 1 5 7 75 ( m o d 100 ) 15^7 \equiv 75 \pmod {100} . Our final answer is therefore 60 + 75 35 ( m o d 100 ) 60+75 \equiv 35 \pmod {100} , with the second last digit being 3 3 .

@Brian Charlesworth @Sharky Kesa Do you perhaps know a quicker way? If the powers become quite large, my method will take a very long time.

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I often use the binomial method. For example, with 1 1 5 = ( 10 + 1 ) 5 , 11^{5} = (10 + 1)^{5}, if all we are interested in is the last two digits then in the binomial expansion, we only need concern ourselves with the last two terms, (since the others have a factor of 100 100 ). In this case the last two terms are

5 10 1 5 + 1 6 = 51. 5*10*1^{5} + 1^{6} = 51.

For the others, the last two terms of the expansion of 1 3 6 = ( 10 + 3 ) 6 13^{6} = (10 + 3)^{6} are

6 10 3 5 + 3 6 80 + 29 9 ( m o d 100 ) , 6*10*3^{5} + 3^{6} \equiv 80 + 29 \equiv 9 \pmod{100},

and for 1 5 7 = ( 10 + 5 ) 7 15^{7} = (10 + 5)^{7} we have

7 10 5 6 + 5 7 50 + 25 75 ( m o d 100 ) . 7*10*5^{6} + 5^{7} \equiv 50 + 25 \equiv 75 \pmod{100}.

So the given expression is 51 + 9 + 75 35 ( m o d 100 ) . 51 + 9 + 75 \equiv 35 \pmod{100}.

I also used the facts that the last digits of the powers of 3 3 cycle as 3 , 9 , 7 , 1 , 3 , . . . . 3,9,7,1,3,.... and that all powers 5 n 5^{n} for n 2 n \ge 2 end in 25. 25. The one "cheat" used here was knowing explicitly that 3 6 29 ( m o d 100 ) , 3^{6} \equiv 29 \pmod{100}, but for much higher powers this step could provide some difficulties.

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years ago

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I learnt a new use of binomial expansion in such problems. Thanks.

Niranjan Khanderia - 5 years, 11 months ago

Yes, that is a good idea of yours. Upvote for teaching me something new! Thanks!

Its like "mango=sugarcane"..//!!

Harish Meena - 5 years, 11 months ago

can you tell me the short way??? like 8^80's unit digit?

Msk Khalid - 5 years, 11 months ago
Sudeshna Pontula
Jan 23, 2015

Finding the last digits of any of these powers is the same as finding the last digits of the powers of the units place.

For example, the last digit of 1 3 6 13^6 is the same as the last digits of 3 6 3^6 .

Now the problem is reduced to finding the last digit of 1 5 + 3 6 + 5 7 1 + 9 + 5 = 15 1^5 + 3^6 + 5^7 \Rightarrow 1 + 9 + 5 = 15 . The answer is 5 \boxed{5} .

A = 1 5 + 3 6 + 5 = 1 + 9 3 + 5 = 5. 9 o d d p o w e r = . . . . 9 , 5 a n y i n t e g e r p o w e r = . . . 5. A=1^5+3^6+5=1+9^3+5=5. \\\Large \because~ 9^{odd~power }=....9, 5^{any ~integer ~power}=...5.

Sudoku Subbu
Jan 23, 2015

the unit digit of 1 1 5 11^5 is 1. the unit digit of 1 3 6 13^6 is 6 , the unit digit of 1 5 7 15^7 is 5 there fore unit digit of 1 1 5 + 1 3 3 + 1 5 7 11^5+13^3+15^7 is 1+9+5=15 therefore the unit digit is 5

Typo. unit digit of 1 3 6 13^6 is 9.

Niranjan Khanderia - 5 years, 11 months ago

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