Let be real numbers so that and . Find the maximum value of .
Write your answer to 5 decimal places.
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Let f ( x , y , z ) = x 3 + y 3 + z 3 + 4 x y z with the constraints 0 ≤ x , y , z ≤ 2 3 and x + y + z = 3 . It is needless saying that the function is increasing although we may observe that , f ( x , y , z ) − f ( x , y , x + y ) = z 3 − ( x + y ) 3 + 4 x y ( z − x − y ) . Now if we assume z ≤ x + y then it follows that f ( x , y , z ) ≤ f ( x , y , x + y ) which again establishes that z ≤ x + y must hold. So we get z = 2 3 and left with the constraint x + y = 2 3 to maximize f ( x , y , 3 / 2 ) .
Since f ( x , y , 3 / 2 ) = 8 2 7 + x 3 + y 3 + 6 x y with 2 ( x + y ) = 3 we would show that the maximum is achieved at x = y . It is easy to see that f ( x , y , 3 / 2 ) = 8 2 7 + x 3 + y 3 + 6 x y = 4 2 7 + 2 3 x y ≤ 4 2 7 + 8 3 ( x + y ) 2 = 3 2 2 4 3 where equality holds iff x = y = 4 3 . Thus we conclude that f max = 3 2 2 4 3 ≈ 7 . 5 9 3 7 5 at ( x , y , z ) = ( 4 3 , 4 3 , 2 3 ) .