n = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 2 n + 1 ) 2 1 = b π a
Enter your answer as a × b .
Hint: Consider the Fourier series of ∣ x ∣ .
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ζ ( x ) ζ ( 2 ) 4 1 ζ ( 2 ) ζ ( 2 ) − 4 1 ζ ( 2 ) 4 3 ζ ( 2 ) ⟹ ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( 2 n + 1 ) 2 1 a a b = ∑ n = 1 ∞ n x 1 = ∑ n = 1 ∞ n 2 1 = 6 π 2 = ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( 2 n ) 2 1 = ∑ n = 1 ∞ n 2 1 − ( 2 n ) 2 1 all terms with even denominators will be cancelled out = ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( 2 n + 1 ) 2 1 = 4 ⋅ 6 3 π 2 = 8 π 2 = 2 , b = 8 = 2 × 8 = 1 6
a n = π 1 ∫ − π π ∣ x ∣ C o s ( n x ) d x . The integrand is even so we get. a n = π 2 ∫ 0 π x C o s ( n x ) d x = n 2 π 2 ( ( − 1 ) n − 1 ) ⟹ x 0 = π .
∣ x ∣ = 2 π + π 2 n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 ( − 1 ) n − 1 C o s ( n x ) on ( − π , π ) and the periodic extension of ∣ x ∣ is continuous at x = π
⟹ π = 2 π + π 2 n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 1 − ( − 1 ) n ⟹ 4 π 2 = n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 1 − ( − 1 ) n
For even n , n 2 1 − ( − 1 ) n = 0 so we need only consider odd n .
4 π 2 = n = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 2 n + 1 ) 2 2
⟹ n = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 2 n + 1 ) 2 1 = 8 π 2 ⟹ a = 2 , b = 8
Finally a × b = 2 × 8 = 1 6 .
It's actually ((π^2)/8)
@Alak Bhattacharya 2 × 8 = 1 6
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n = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 2 n + 1 ) 2 1 = 1 2 1 + 3 2 1 + 5 2 1 + 7 2 1 + 9 2 1 + 1 1 2 1 + ⋯ = ( 1 2 1 + 2 2 1 + 3 2 1 + 4 2 1 ⋯ ) − ( 2 2 1 + 4 2 1 + 6 2 1 + 8 2 1 + ⋯ ) = ( 1 2 1 + 2 2 1 + 3 2 1 + 4 2 1 ⋯ ) − 4 1 ( 1 2 1 + 2 2 1 + 3 2 1 + 4 2 1 ⋯ ) = 4 3 ( 1 2 1 + 2 2 1 + 3 2 1 + 4 2 1 ⋯ ) = 4 3 ζ ( 2 ) = 4 3 × 6 π 2 = 8 π 2 Since Riemann zeta function ζ ( s ) = n = 1 ∑ ∞ n s 1 and ζ ( 2 ) = 6 π 2 (see reference)
Therefore, a b = 2 × 8 = 1 6 .
Reference: Riemann zeta function