R and r together

Geometry Level 3

In an equilateral triangle, find R 2 2 R r R^2-2Rr

where R R and r r represents the radius of the circumcircle and incircle of this triangle, respectively.


The answer is 0.

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1 solution

Ayush G Rai
Nov 15, 2016

Let the side of the equilateral triangle be a . a.
We know that the formula for circum-radius R = a b c 4 δ R=\dfrac{abc}{4\delta} and in-radius r = 2 δ ( a + b + c ) r=\dfrac{2\delta}{(a+b+c)}
where a , b , c a,b,c are the sides and δ \delta is the area of the triangle = a 2 3 4 =\dfrac{a^2\sqrt3}{4} by equilateral triangle area formula.
R = a × a × a 4 × a 2 3 4 = a 3 . R=\dfrac{\cancel{a}\times\cancel{a}\times a}{\cancel{4}\times\frac{\cancel{a^2}\sqrt3}{\cancel{4}}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt3}.
r = 2 × a × a 3 4 2 3 a = a 3 6 . r=\dfrac{\cancel{2}\times\frac{\cancel{a}\times a\sqrt3}{\cancel{4}_2}}{3\cancel{a}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt3}{6}.
R 2 2 R r = a 2 3 2 × a 3 × a 3 6 3 = a 2 3 a 2 3 = 0 . \therefore R^2-2Rr=\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\cancel{2}\times \dfrac{a}{\cancel{\sqrt3}}\times\dfrac{a\cancel{\sqrt3}}{\cancel{6}_3}=\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{a^2}{3}=\boxed{0}.


exactly! or you could have used the fact that in any A B C , O I 2 = R 2 2 R r \triangle ABC , OI^2= R^2 - 2Rr and in the case of equilateral triangle O orthocenter, I incenter coincide,

O I 2 = 0 R 2 = 2 R r \begin{aligned} OI^2 = 0\\ \implies R^2=2Rr \end{aligned}

O R OR

using the fact that 2 r R 2r \le R and equality occurs at equilateral triangle i.e all angle 60, degrees for this we use the fact that cos A + cos B + cos C 3 2 \cos A + \cos B + \cos C \le \frac{3}2 and then the conditional identity cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin A sin B sin C \cos A +\cos B + \cos C = 1+ 4 \sin A \sin B \sin C and futher simplification proves that.

Rakshit Joshi - 4 years, 7 months ago

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rakshit OI^2=R^2-2Rr is the solution thats it

i like the problems posted by you

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 7 months ago

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thanks!! I like posting new problems and especially more focused towards JEE purpose,also will try to further continue the same :), anyways are you too preparing for JEE 2018, hmm.. i saw your age and thought that.

Rakshit Joshi - 4 years, 7 months ago

Sorry if my solution is too big as I am bad at trig stuff.

Ayush G Rai - 4 years, 7 months ago

i agree with rakshit your method is a bit too long

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 7 months ago

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