Kinematics with Gravitational and Electric Forces

A particle with mass 3 kg 3 \text{ kg} and charge + 2 C +2 \text{ C} is launched with initial speed 20 m/s 20 \text{ m/s} from the ground level. The particle velocity initially makes an angle of θ \theta^\circ with the ground.

There is a uniform ambient electric field with strength 15 N/C 15 \text{ N/C} , which points upwards with an angle of 4 5 45^\circ with respect to the ground. There is an ambient gravitational field of 10 m/s 2 10\text{ m/s}^2 in the downward, vertical direction.

What value of θ \theta (in the range from 0 to 90) maximizes the distance of the particle from the launch point when it lands?


Inspiration


The answer is 78.75.

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1 solution

Fiki Akbar
Nov 14, 2017

Let a horizontal and vertical direction be a x-axis and y-axis respectively with the origin is the point of launching. The acceleration of particle is a x ( t ) = q E 2 m a y ( t ) = q E 2 m g \begin{aligned} a_{x}(t) & = & \frac{qE}{\sqrt{2}m}\\ a_{y}(t) & = & \frac{qE}{\sqrt{2}m} - g \end{aligned} The position of particle at function of time is x ( t ) = v 0 x t + q E 2 2 m t 2 y ( t ) = v 0 y t + t 2 2 ( q E 2 m g ) \begin{aligned} x(t) & = & v_{0x} t + \frac{qE}{2\sqrt{2}m}t^2\\ y(t) & = & v_{0y} t + \frac{t^2}{2(\frac{qE}{\sqrt{2}m} - g)} \end{aligned} When particle lands at the ground, then y ( t g ) = 0 y(t_g) = 0 , which imply t g = 2 v 0 y q E 2 m g t_{g} = -\frac{2v_{0y}}{\frac{qE}{\sqrt{2}m} - g} . Thus, the distance of particle from the launch point to the land point is R = x ( t g ) = 2 v 0 2 q E 2 m g sin θ cos θ + 2 q E m 2 sin 2 θ ( q E 2 m g ) 2 R = x(t_{g}) = -\frac{2v_{0}^2}{ \frac{qE}{\sqrt{2}m} - g}\sin\theta\;\cos\theta + \frac{2qE}{m\sqrt{2}}\frac{\sin^2\theta}{(\frac{qE}{\sqrt{2}m} - g)^2}

The range R R will have maximum value when d R d θ = 0 \frac{dR}{d\theta} = 0 . Thus we have, tan 2 θ = m 2 q E ( q E 2 m g ) \tan 2\theta = \frac{m\sqrt{2}}{qE}\left(\frac{qE}{\sqrt{2}m} - g\right) then we get θ = 78.7 5 \theta = 78.75^{\circ} .

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