Have You Heard Of Symmedian?

Geometry Level 4

A triangle A B C ABC is inscribed inside a circumcircle with center O O . Draw the median A M AM of the circle. Now, draw the tangents of the circle O O at B B and C C , and they cut at point P P . A P AP cuts the circle O O at D D . If B D M = 2 7 \angle BDM = 27^\circ , find A O C \angle AOC in degrees.

Clarification: For anyone who doesn't know what symmedian is, it's just the reflection of the median on bisector. For example, for triangle A B C ABC with median A M AM and bisector A I , AI, if you draw the reflection A D AD of A M AM on A I , AI, then A D AD is the symmedian.


The answer is 54.

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2 solutions

Tran Quoc Dat
Apr 10, 2016

I draw a lot more. Let K K be the midpoint of A D AD . O K P = O B P = 9 0 \angle OKP = \angle OBP = 90^\circ , which means O K B P OKBP is concylic, so B K P = B O P = B A C \angle BKP = \angle BOP = \angle BAC . Moreover, B D K = B C A \angle BDK = \angle BCA , so we have Δ B K D \Delta BKD and Δ B A C \Delta BAC are similar. 'Cause K K and M M are midpoints of A D AD and B C BC , respectively, we also have Δ B A D \Delta BAD and Δ M A C \Delta MAC are similar, which means B A D = M A C \angle BAD = \angle MAC , or A D AD is the symmedian of triangle A B C ABC .

Now, look at the diagram again. Triangle A B C ABC with tangents at B B and C C cutting at P P , then A P AP is symmedian. What about triangle D B C DBC ? It has tangents at B B and C C also cutting at P P , then D P DP is also symmedian. That small thing gives us B D A = M D C \angle BDA = \angle MDC , or B D M = A D C = 1 2 A O C {\color{#D61F06}\angle \color{#D61F06}B\color{#D61F06}D\color{#D61F06}M \color{#D61F06}= \color{#D61F06}\angle \color{#D61F06}A\color{#D61F06}D\color{#D61F06}C} = \dfrac12\angle AOC . Hence, A O C = 5 4 \angle AOC =54^\circ .

Another way to solve the problem, if you don't realize D A DA is the symmedian of triangle D B C DBC , is by using the point E E , which is the intersection of A M AM and the circle. B A D = E A C \angle BAD = \angle EAC means B D = E C B C E D \stackrel \frown{BD} = \stackrel \frown{EC} \Rightarrow BCED is a trapezium. Hence, triangles B D M BDM and C E M CEM are congruent, which also gives us B D M = C E M = A D C {\color{#D61F06}\angle \color{#D61F06}B\color{#D61F06}D\color{#D61F06}M \color{#D61F06}= \angle CEM = \color{#D61F06}\angle \color{#D61F06}A\color{#D61F06}D\color{#D61F06}C} (match with the upper red part).

Note: After reading the solution, you may find out that A B AB is tangent to the circumcircle of B D M BDM . In fact, this problem is not original. What it asks is to prove the upper thing.

Kevin Liu
Apr 12, 2020

General formula: the measure of the angle AOC is equal to double the measure of the angle BDM.

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