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Algebra Level 2

Which of the following quadratic equations has roots p q \dfrac pq and q p -\dfrac qp ?

p q x 2 ( p 2 q 2 ) x p q = 0 pqx^2- (p^2-q^2)x-pq=0 p 2 x 2 ( p 2 q 2 ) x p q = 0 p^2x^2- (p^2-q^2)x- pq=0 p x 2 ( p 2 + 1 ) x + p = 0 px^2-(p^2+1)x+p=0 q x 2 ( q 2 + p 2 ) x p q = 0 qx^2-(q^2+p^2)x-pq=0

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3 solutions

Hung Woei Neoh
May 4, 2016

Given that the roots are p q \dfrac{p}{q} and q p -\dfrac{q}{p} , we know that:

( x p q ) ( x + q p ) = 0 x 2 p q x + q p x 1 = 0 x 2 ( p 2 p q q 2 p q ) x 1 = 0 p q x 2 ( p 2 q 2 ) x p q = 0 \left( x - \dfrac{p}{q} \right) \left( x + \dfrac{q}{p} \right) = 0\\ x^2 - \dfrac{p}{q}x + \dfrac{q}{p}x - 1 = 0\\ x^2 - \left (\dfrac{p^2}{pq} - \dfrac{q^2}{pq} \right) x - 1 = 0\\ \boxed{pqx^2 - (p^2 - q^2)x - pq = 0}

Nice (+1) This is deriving the quadratic formula from the roots method, isnt it cool?

Ashish Menon - 5 years, 1 month ago
Keerthi Reddy
May 4, 2016

Whenever the roots are reciprocal the each other then L a T e X LaTeX c=a. L a T e X LaTeX ( product of the roots is L a T e X LaTeX c/a L a T e X LaTeX ..) So here roots are reciprocal to each other and are opposite in sign.. so L a T e X LaTeX a= -c L a T e X LaTeX . So this is only satisfied by L a T e X LaTeX pqx^2- ( p ^2-q^2)x- pq L a T e X LaTeX

Nicely done, just may I ask you to put Latex brackets around the calculations to make it look better :) :)

Ashish Menon - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Thank for ur suggestion... :D :)

Keerthi Reddy - 5 years, 1 month ago

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:) you're welcome

Ashish Menon - 5 years, 1 month ago
Ashish Menon
May 11, 2016

Lets see what the sum of the roots are :- p q q p = p 2 q 2 p q \dfrac{p}{q} - \dfrac{q}{p} = \dfrac{p^2 - q^2}{pq}
Now, we know that for a quadratic equation a x 2 + b x + c ax^2 + bx + c , the sum of the roots = b a -\dfrac{b}{a}
Trial and error application of this formula in the given options show that only one options satisfies the condition that the sum of roots is p 2 q 2 p q \dfrac{p^2 - q^2}{pq} and that is p q x 2 ( p 2 q 2 ) x p q pqx^2 - (p^2 - q^2)x - pq .


How to directly find which of the given options satisfy this value?
P.S. This trick might not work in some cases.
The denominator of the sum should have p q pq and only 2 such options have the values and those options have the magnitude of the coefficient of x raised to the power 1 as ( p 2 q 2 ) (p^2 - q^2) . And as the formula of the sum is b a -\dfrac{b}{a} , the correct option should have a negative sign befire the coefficient of the variable with degree 1 i.e. coefficient of x. And only one such option have that value and so the answer is p q x 2 ( p 2 q 2 ) x p q \boxed{pqx^2 - (p^2 - q^2)x - pq} .

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