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What is ( 20 0 ) + ( 20 1 ) + ( 20 2 ) + ( 20 3 ) + . . . . + ( 20 19 ) + ( 20 20 ) ? {20 \choose 0}+ {20 \choose 1} + {20 \choose 2} + {20 \choose 3} + .... + {20 \choose 19} + {20 \choose 20}?


The answer is 1048576.

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2 solutions

Ashwin Padaki
Jun 5, 2015

Sum of elements = 2 n 2^{n}

In this case, n = 20 n = 20

2 20 2^{20} = 1048576 1048576

Explain the 2 n 2^{n} part. How did you get it?

Jonathan Hsu - 6 years ago

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Simple. Each "choose" corresponds to a row of Pascal's Triangle. If there are 21 elements, we go to the 20 t h 20th row of Pascal's Triangle.

Ashwin Padaki - 6 years ago

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Wow I'm dumb

Clive Chen - 4 years, 7 months ago

METHOD 1: Consider the expansion of ( 1 + x ) n = ( n 0 ) + ( n 1 ) + . . . + ( n n 1 ) x n 1 + ( n n ) x n \displaystyle (1+x)^{n} = \dbinom{n}{0} + \dbinom{n}{1} +...+ \dbinom{n}{n-1}x^{n-1} + \dbinom{n}{n}x^{n}

When x=1, n=20

( 20 0 ) + ( 20 1 ) + . . . + ( 20 19 ) + ( 20 20 ) = 2 20 \displaystyle \dbinom{20}{0} + \dbinom{20}{1} +...+ \dbinom{20}{19}+ \dbinom{20}{20} = \boxed{2^{20}}

METHOD 2: Consider twenty boxes and twenty toys which are to be distributed among them, with the constraint that each box can contain at most 1 toy. Then we can choose the boxes in which we place the toys in ( 20 0 ) + ( 20 1 ) + ( 20 2 ) + ( 20 3 ) + . . . . + ( 20 19 ) + ( 20 20 ) {20 \choose 0}+ {20 \choose 1} + {20 \choose 2} + {20 \choose 3} + .... + {20 \choose 19} + {20 \choose 20} ways. Now, for any given box, the toy can be either in it or not, giving us 2 possibilities and by the multiplicative principle, for 20 boxes, the possibilities become 2 20 2^{20} . Also, the number of possibilities arrived at by two different ways must be equal(assuming we reasoned correctly)

Hence, ( 20 0 ) + ( 20 1 ) + ( 20 2 ) + ( 20 3 ) + . . . . + ( 20 19 ) + ( 20 20 ) = 2 20 {20 \choose 0}+ {20 \choose 1} + {20 \choose 2} + {20 \choose 3} + .... + {20 \choose 19} + {20 \choose 20} = \boxed{2^{20}}

Moderator note:

Simple standard approach.

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