Kth trial locker

A person tries to open a locker which is encrypted with a 3-digit code (digits 0-9). Find the probability that it will open in the k k th trial.

k-1/1000 k/1000 (k-1)/1000 1/1000

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2 solutions

Swayam Pal
Nov 13, 2016

The locker opens in kth trial.Hence we should have (k-1) unsuccessful attempts and exactly at the kth attempt it should be successful. P(failing (k-1) times continuously)=(1- 1 1000 \frac{1}{1000} )x(1- 1 999 \frac{1}{999} )x(1- 1 998 \frac{1}{998} )x(1- 1 997 \frac{1}{997} )x....(1- 1 1000 ( k 1 ) + 1 \frac{1}{1000-(k-1)+1} )(As each time we use a particular combination, we discard it.) = 999 1000 \frac{999}{1000} x 998 999 \frac{998}{999} x 997 998 \frac{997}{998} x 996 997 \frac{996}{997} ...... 1000 ( k 1 ) 1000 ( k 1 ) + 1 \frac{1000-(k-1)}{1000-(k-1)+1} then successful at the next attempt, P(successful at kth time)= 1 1000 ( k 1 ) \frac{1}{1000-(k-1)} Since both these events occur simultaneously, by multiplication theorem,
P(k)= 999 1000 \frac{999}{1000} x 998 999 \frac{998}{999} x 997 998 \frac{997}{998} x 996 997 \frac{996}{997} ...... 1000 ( k 1 ) 1000 ( k 1 ) + 1 \frac{1000-(k-1)}{1000-(k-1)+1} x 1 1000 ( k 1 ) \frac{1}{1000-(k-1)} = 1 1000 \frac{1}{1000}

Using the numbers (0-9) and allowing repeatation of digits we can make 10×10×10=1000 3-digited codes . Among them only one code will open the locker . So the probability that the 'k'th code will open the locker is (1/1000).

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