Large, Really?

Suppose a number N be represented as N = 5a + 4b, where a and b are non-negative integers. What is the largest number that cannot be represented in this form?


The answer is 11.

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2 solutions

Aaghaz Mahajan
Dec 10, 2018

It follows directly from the Chicken McNugget Theorem ..........

One solution to the equation is 5 ( N ) + 4 ( N ) = N 5(N)+4(-N)=N . The problem is that the coefficients are not non-negative. So, the General solution is considered. Solutions, in General, are pairs ( a , b ) = ( N + 4 t , N 5 t ) (a,b)=(N+4t,N-5t) . We Need the following

N + 4 t 0 t N 4 N+4t \geq 0 \implies t \geq -\frac{N}{4}

N 5 t 0 t N 5 -N-5t \geq 0 \implies t \leq -\frac{N}{5}

so

N 4 t N 5 -\frac{N}{4} \leq t \leq -\frac{N}{5} \ *

if we find the Minimum N N (call it N N^* ), for which the difference N 5 + N 4 = N 20 -\frac{N}{5}+\frac{N}{4}=\frac{N}{20} is greater than 1 1 , then there surely exists an integer t t that satisfies (*). for all N N N \geq N^* greater . So, for N > 20 N>20 , we can surely write 5 a + 4 b = N 5a+4b=N , for non-negative a , b a,b . We just Need to come down from 19 19 and check whether the number is expressible as 5 a + 4 b 5a+4b or not. the first number that does not have the property is 11 11 .

Cheers.

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