Consider the hyperbola , we want to inscribe the largest possible circle that is tangent to the hyperbola at its vertex . Find the radius of this largest circle.
NOTE: The circle points satisfy .
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The inscribed circle in question shall have center ( 0 , 1 + r ) and radius r , which is represented as x 2 + [ y − ( 1 + r ) ] 2 = r 2 . If it intersects the hyperbola y 2 − x 2 = 1 in just one point (namely ( x , y ) = ( 0 , 1 ) ), then substituting x 2 = y 2 − 1 into the circular equation yields the quadratic;
( y 2 − 1 ) + [ y 2 − 2 ( 1 + r ) y + ( 1 + r ) 2 ] = r 2 ⇒ 2 y 2 − 2 ( 1 + r ) y + 2 r = 0 ;
or y = 4 2 ( 1 + r ) ± 4 ( 1 + r ) 2 − 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 r ) = 2 ( 1 + r ) ± 1 + 2 r + r 2 − 4 r = 2 ( 1 + r ) ± ( r − 1 ) 2 .
There will be only one intersection point between the circle & the hyperbola iff the discriminant equals zero ⇒ r = 1 .