Consider the sequence of real numbers { x n } n ≥ 1 such that n → ∞ lim n x 1 2 + ⋯ x n 2 = 0 .
Prove that n → ∞ lim n x 1 + ⋯ + x n = 0 .
Is the converse of the statement also true?
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Very nice problem, Irina
The given fact: n → ∞ lim n k = 1 ∑ n x k 2 As this limit converges, this means, that the series ∑ n = 1 ∞ x n 2 converges, but this doesn't mean ∑ n = 1 ∞ x n converges. (Example: x n = n 1 ) For the limit: n → ∞ lim n k = 1 ∑ n x n To exist, we need ∑ n = 1 ∞ x n to converge, but we don't have additional information, so the limit above, doesn't necessary exist.
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We prove a more general statement: If p is a positive integer and ( x n ) , n ≤ 1 is a sequence such that
lim n → ∞ n x 1 2 p + . . . + x n 2 p = 0 ( 1 )
Then
lim n → ∞ n x 1 + . . . + x n = 0 ( 2 )
For this, recall the inequality
( n x 1 + ⋯ + x n ) 2 p ≤ n x 1 2 p + . . . + x n 2 p
It follows that
∣ ∣ n x 1 + ⋯ + x n ∣ ∣ ≤ 2 p n x 1 2 p + . . . + x 2 2 p
Using the squeeze theorem and the hypothesis ( 1 ) , the conclusion ( 2 ) follows. For p=1 we obtain the intial problem.
The converse is not true. Take x n = ( − 1 ) n and observe that:
n x 1 + ⋯ + x n = 0 if n is even and n − 1 if n is odd.
Hence
lim n → ∞ n x 1 + ∞ + x n = 0
but
n x 1 2 + ⋯ + x n 2 = 1