Last Digit of a Fricking Power Tower

3 4 5 999999999999999 \large 3^{4^{5^{\ldots^{999999999999999}}}}

What is the units digit of the number above?


The answer is 1.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Sep 22, 2020

Let the given number be 3 4 N 3^{4^N} . Then we have:

3 4 N 3 2 2 N 3 2 2 2 N 1 9 2 2 N 1 ( 10 1 ) 2 2 N 1 ( 1 ) 2 2 N 1 1 (mod 10) 3^{4^N} \equiv 3^{2^{2N}} \equiv 3^{2\cdot2^{2N-1}} \equiv 9^{2^{2N-1}} \equiv (10-1)^{2^{2N-1}} \equiv (-1)^{2^{2N-1}} \equiv \boxed 1 \text{ (mod 10)}

Lâm Lê
Sep 22, 2020

If we take the powers of 3 3 , we have: 3 1 3 ( m o d 10 ) 3^1\equiv3\pmod{10}

3 2 9 ( m o d 10 ) 3^2\equiv9\pmod{10}

3 3 7 ( m o d 10 ) 3^3\equiv7\pmod{10}

3 4 1 ( m o d 10 ) 3^4\equiv1\pmod{10}

3 5 3 ( m o d 10 ) 3^5\equiv3\pmod{10}

3 6 9 ( m o d 10 ) 3^6\equiv9\pmod{10}

\ldots

As you can see, if n m o d 4 0 n \mod 4\equiv0 , 3 n m o d 10 3^n\mod10 will always be 1 1 .

And because 4 5 999999999999999 4^{5^{\ldots^{999999999999999}}} is definitely divisible by 4 4 , 3 4 5 999999999999999 m o d 10 1 3^{4^{5^{\ldots^{999999999999999}}}}\mod10\equiv1

Therefore the answer is 1 \color{#20A900}\boxed{1}

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