3 4 5 … 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
What is the units digit of the number above?
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If we take the powers of 3 , we have: 3 1 ≡ 3 ( m o d 1 0 )
3 2 ≡ 9 ( m o d 1 0 )
3 3 ≡ 7 ( m o d 1 0 )
3 4 ≡ 1 ( m o d 1 0 )
3 5 ≡ 3 ( m o d 1 0 )
3 6 ≡ 9 ( m o d 1 0 )
…
As you can see, if n m o d 4 ≡ 0 , 3 n m o d 1 0 will always be 1 .
And because 4 5 … 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 is definitely divisible by 4 , 3 4 5 … 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 m o d 1 0 ≡ 1
Therefore the answer is 1
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Let the given number be 3 4 N . Then we have:
3 4 N ≡ 3 2 2 N ≡ 3 2 ⋅ 2 2 N − 1 ≡ 9 2 2 N − 1 ≡ ( 1 0 − 1 ) 2 2 N − 1 ≡ ( − 1 ) 2 2 N − 1 ≡ 1 (mod 10)