Suppose that the angles of △ A B C satisfy cos ( 3 A ) + cos ( 3 B ) + cos ( 3 C ) = 1 . Two sides of the triangle have lengths 10 and 13. There is a positive integer m so that the maximum possible length for the remaining side of △ A B C is m . Find m .
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As above, we can see that cos 3 A + cos 3 B − cos ( 3 A + 3 B ) = 1
Expanding, we get
cos 3 A + cos 3 B − cos 3 A cos 3 B + sin 3 A sin 3 B = 1
cos 3 A cos 3 B − cos 3 A − cos 3 B + 1 = sin 3 A sin 3 B
( cos 3 A − 1 ) ( cos 3 B − 1 ) = sin 3 A sin 3 B
sin 3 A cos 3 A − 1 ⋅ sin 3 B cos 3 B − 1 = 1
tan 2 3 A tan 2 3 B = 1
Note that tan x = tan ( 9 0 − x ) 1 , or tan x tan ( 9 0 − x ) = 1
Thus 2 3 A + 2 3 B = 9 0 , or A + B = 6 0 .
Now we know that C = 1 2 0 , so we can just use Law or Cosines to get 3 9 9
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c y c ∑ cos 3 A = 1 − 4 c y c ∏ sin 2 3 A 1 = 1 − 4 c y c ∏ sin 2 3 A ⇒ c y c ∏ sin 2 3 A = 0
This means one of the sines of 2 3 A , 2 3 B , 2 3 C is 0 .
Suppose sin 2 3 A = 0 ⇒ 2 3 A = 1 8 0 ∵ sin ( 1 8 0 ) = 0 ⇒ 3 A = 3 6 0 ⇒ A = 1 2 0
Thus , the longest side is the one opposite the obtuse angle i.e 1 2 0 .
Using cosine rule ,
( m ) 2 = 1 0 2 + 1 3 2 − 2 ( 1 0 ) ( 1 3 ) cos 1 2 0 ⇒ m = 1 0 2 + 1 3 2 − 2 ( 1 0 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 2 − 1 ) ⇒ m = 1 0 0 + 1 6 9 + 1 3 0 = 3 9 9