LC oscillator conservation of energy

A capacitor is charged up to 10 C 10\text{ C} before being attached to an inductor to form an LC oscillator. What is the charge on the capacitor when the inductor reaches half of its maximum current?

10 C 10 \text{ C} 0 C 0 \text{ C} 5 3 C 5\sqrt{3} \text{ C} 5 C 5 \text{ C}

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1 solution

Tom Engelsman
Apr 28, 2021

The oscillator circuit can be modeled via KVL according to:

0 = L q ( t ) + 1 C q ( t ) , q ( 0 ) = 10 , q ( 0 ) = 0 0 = Lq''(t) + \frac{1}{C}q'(t), q(0)=10, q'(0)=0 (i)

which has the general solution:

q ( t ) = A cos ( t / L C ) + B sin ( t / L C ) q(t) = A\cos(t/\sqrt{LC}) + B\sin(t/\sqrt{LC}) (ii)

and after applying the boundary conditions in (i) to (ii), we finally obtain:

q ( t ) = 10 cos ( t / L C ) q(t) = 10\cos(t/\sqrt{LC}) (iii),

i ( t ) = q ( t ) = ( 10 / L C ) sin ( t / L C ) i(t) = q'(t) = (-10/\sqrt{LC})\sin(t/\sqrt{LC}) (iv).

From (iv), i M A X 2 = 5 L C 5 L C = ( 10 / L C ) sin ( t / L C ) t / L C = arcsin ( 1 / 2 ) = π / 6 \frac{i_{MAX}}{2} = \frac{5}{\sqrt{LC}} \Rightarrow \frac{5}{\sqrt{LC}} = (-10/\sqrt{LC})\sin(t/\sqrt{LC}) \Rightarrow t/\sqrt{LC} = \arcsin(-1/2) = -\pi/6 . Thus, the capacitor's charge at this instance of time computes to q = 10 cos ( π / 6 ) = 10 ( 3 / 2 ) = 5 3 q = 10\cos(-\pi/6) = 10(\sqrt{3}/2) = \boxed{5\sqrt{3}} coloumbs.

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