What is the least area of a quadrilateral possible with the integer Cartesian coordinates in a plane?
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By Pick's theorem the area of a simple polygon with vertices as lattice points in the plane is A = i + 2 b − 1 where i is the number of interior lattice points and b is the number of boundary lattice points. For a quadrilateral with integer coordinates this at least 0 + 2 4 − 1 = 1 with equality occurring for any example with no interior lattice points and four boundary lattice points (e.g. a parallelogram with vertices at ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 0 ) , ( a , 1 ) , ( a + 1 , 1 ) where a is an integer).