Left?

Algebra Level 5

S = ( 2015 2 ) + 2 ( 2015 5 ) + + 672 ( 2015 2015 ) \large{S=\left(\begin{matrix} 2015 \\ 2 \end{matrix} \right) +2\left( \begin{matrix} 2015 \\ 5 \end{matrix} \right) +\cdots \cdots \cdots \cdots +672\left( \begin{matrix} 2015 \\ 2015 \end{matrix} \right) }

Let S S represent the finite summation above, Find the 2 1 s t 21^{st} digit from left.


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Otto Bretscher
Oct 21, 2015

Entertaining problem... the presence of dominant terms makes it easier to handle.

Using a root of unity filter, we find k = 1 672 ( 2015 3 k 1 ) 2 2015 3 = A \sum_{k=1}^{672}{2015 \choose 3k-1}\approx \frac{2^{2015}}{3}=A . The error, due to neglecting the contributions of ω \omega and ω 2 \omega^2 , is miniscule: Less than 1 out of a number exceeding 1 0 600 10^{600} . Considering the derivative of ( 1 + x ) 2015 (1+x)^{2015} and using a root of unity filter once again, we find k = 1 672 ( 3 k 1 ) ( 2015 3 k 1 ) 2015 2 2014 3 = B \sum_{k=1}^{672}(3k-1){2015 \choose 3k-1}\approx \frac{2015*2^{2014}}{3}=B . Now k = 1 672 k ( 2015 3 k 1 ) A + B 3 = 2017 2 2014 9 \sum_{k=1}^{672}k{2015 \choose 3k-1}\approx \frac{A+B}{3}=\frac{2017*2^{2014}}{9} . We use technology to see that the 21st digit from the left is a 2 \boxed{2}

Moderator note:

Is there any other way to find the 21st digit from the left?

Sir please Try this

Department 8 - 5 years, 7 months ago

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