How many ordered triples x , y , z satisfy
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3 4 3
x , y , z are positive integers.
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Note
x
2
≡
0
,
1
,
4
(
m
o
d
8
)
.
3
4
3
≡
7
(
m
o
d
8
)
.
No combinations of 3 numbers from 0 , 1 , 4 add to make 7 ( m o d 8 ) . Hence the answer is 0 .
Legendres three square theorem See the question title.
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First notice that the R . H . S is ≡ 3 ( m o d 4 ) and we know that a square is either ≡ 0 or 1 ( m o d 4 ) . 0 when the square is even i.e the number is even and 1 when the square is odd i.e the number is odd.This implies that x , y , z are odd numbers.Let us say that x = 2 a + 1 , y = 2 b + 1 , z = 2 c + 1 . for some a , b , c ∈ Z + (they can also be equal to 0 ).Substituting and simplifying a little gives, a 2 + a + b 2 + b + c 2 + c = 4 3 4 0 = 8 5 → a ( a + 1 ) + b ( b + 1 ) + c ( c + 1 ) = 8 5 .But,this isn't possible as the product of two consecutive integers is always even and thus, the L . H . S would be even but the R . H . S isn't.Thus, 0 solutions.