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sin ( 2 x ) = 2 5 \sin (2x) = \frac{2}{5} sin 8 ( x ) + cos 8 ( x ) = a b , gcd ( a , b ) = 1 \sin^{8} (x) + \cos^{8} (x) = \frac{a}{b} \! , \: \gcd(a,b) = 1 b a = ? b-a = \: ?


The answer is 98.

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1 solution

Pi Han Goh
May 3, 2014

sin ( 2 x ) = 2 5 sin ( x ) cos ( x ) = 1 5 \sin(2x) = \frac {2}{5} \Rightarrow \sin(x) \cos(x) = \frac {1}{5}

sin 8 ( x ) + cos 8 ( x ) = ( sin 2 ( x ) + cos 2 ( x ) ) 4 4 sin 2 ( x ) cos 2 ( x ) ( sin 4 ( x ) + cos 4 ( x ) ) 6 sin 4 ( x ) cos 4 ( x ) = 1 4 ( sin ( x ) cos ( x ) ) 2 ( ( sin 2 ( x ) + cos 2 ( x ) ) 2 2 sin 2 ( x ) cos 2 ( x ) ) 6 ( sin ( x ) cos ( x ) ) 4 = 1 4 ( sin ( x ) cos ( x ) ) 2 ( 1 2 ( sin ( x ) cos ( x ) ) 2 ) 6 ( sin ( x ) cos ( x ) ) 4 = 1 4 ( 1 5 ) 2 ( 1 2 ( 1 5 ) 2 ) 6 ( 1 5 ) 4 = 527 625 \begin{aligned} \sin^8 (x) + \cos^8 (x) & = & \left ( \sin^2 (x) + \cos^2 (x) \right )^4 - 4 \sin^2 (x) \cos^2 (x) \left ( \sin^4 (x) + \cos^4 (x) \right ) - 6 \sin^4 (x) \cos^4 (x) \\ & = & 1 - 4 ( \sin (x) \cos (x) )^2 \cdot \left ( (\sin^2 (x) + \cos^2 (x) )^2 - 2\sin^2 (x) \cos^2 (x) \right ) - 6 ( \sin (x) \cos (x) )^4 \\ & = & 1 - 4 (\sin (x) \cos (x) )^2 \cdot \left ( 1 - 2 ( \sin (x) \cos (x) )^2 \right ) - 6 ( \sin (x) \cos (x) )^4 \\ & = & 1 - 4 \left ( \frac {1}{5} \right )^2 \cdot \left ( 1 - 2 \left ( \frac {1}{5} \right )^2 \right ) - 6 \left ( \frac {1}{5} \right )^4 \\ & = & \frac {527}{625} \\ \end{aligned}

b a = 98 \Rightarrow b - a = \boxed{98}

Shorter route: use sin 8 ( x ) + cos 8 ( x ) = 1 sin 2 ( 2 x ) + 1 8 sin 4 ( 2 x ) \sin^8 (x) + \cos^8 (x) = 1 - \sin^{2} (2x) + \frac{1}{8} \sin^{4} (2x) .

Guilherme Dela Corte - 7 years, 1 month ago

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