Let A ={1,2,3,4,5.......100} Let M be the number of 2 elements subsets {a,b} of A

Level 2

Let A ={1,2,3,4,5.......100}. Let M be the number of 2 elements subsets {a,b} of A such that axb is divisible by 6. Find M


The answer is 2042.

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1 solution

Brian Moehring
Jul 27, 2018

We can directly see

  • # { multiples of 6 in A } = 100 6 = 16 \#\{\text{multiples of 6 in } A\} = \lfloor\frac{100}{6}\rfloor = 16
  • # { multiples of 3 in A } = 100 3 = 33 \#\{\text{multiples of 3 in } A\} = \lfloor\frac{100}{3}\rfloor = 33
  • # { multiples of 2 in A } = 100 2 = 50 \#\{\text{multiples of 2 in } A\} = \lfloor\frac{100}{2}\rfloor = 50

Also we note that a b ab is divisible by 6 6 if and only if one of the following disjoint cases hold:

  • a a and b b are both multiples of 6 6 . Then there are ( 16 2 ) = 120 \binom{16}{2} = 120 sets { a , b } \{a,b\} in this case.
  • Exactly one of a a or b b is a multiple of 6 6 . Then there are 16 ( 100 16 ) = 1344 16 \cdot (100-16) = 1344 sets { a , b } \{a,b\} in this case.
  • Neither is a multiple of 6 6 , but one is a multiple of 2 2 and the other is a multiple of 3 3 . Then there are ( 33 16 ) ( 50 16 ) = 578 (33-16)(50-16) = 578 sets { a , b } \{a,b\} in this case.

Therefore there are in total 120 + 1344 + 578 = 2042 120 + 1344 + 578 = \boxed{2042} sets { a , b } \{a,b\} such that a b ab is a multiple of 6 6 .

Also try this (and post a solution to it)

X X - 2 years, 10 months ago

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