Let's do some calculus! (30)

Calculus Level 4

lim x 0 ln [ cot ( π 4 k 1 x ) ] tan ( k 2 x ) = 1 \large \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\ln \left[\cot \left( \frac \pi 4 - k_1 x \right)\right]}{\tan \left(k_2 x\right)} = 1

If real numbers k 1 k_1 and k 2 k_2 satisfy the equation above. Find the value of k 2 k 1 \dfrac {k_2} {k_1} .

Notation: ln ( ) \ln (\cdot) denotes the natural logarithm function , that is log e ( ) \log_{e}{(\cdot)} .


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The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Sep 25, 2016

L = lim x 0 ln ( cot ( π 4 k 1 x ) ) tan ( k 2 x ) Note that cot x = tan ( π 2 x ) = lim x 0 ln ( tan ( π 4 + k 1 x ) ) tan ( k 2 x ) This is a 0/0 case and L’H o ˆ pital’s rule applies. = lim x 0 k 1 sec 2 ( π 4 + k 1 x ) tan ( π 4 + k 1 x ) k 2 sec 2 ( k 2 x ) Differentiate up and down w.r.t. x = 2 k 1 1 k 2 = 2 k 1 k 2 \begin{aligned} L & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac {\ln \left(\color{#3D99F6}{\cot \left( \frac \pi 4 - k_1x \right)} \right)}{\tan \left(k_2 x\right)} & \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Note that }\cot x = \tan \left(\frac \pi 2-x\right)} \\ & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac {\ln \left(\color{#3D99F6}{\tan \left( \frac \pi 4 + k_1x \right)}\right)}{\tan \left(k_2 x\right)} & \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{This is a 0/0 case and L'Hôpital's rule applies.}} \\ & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac {\frac {k_1\sec^2 \left( \frac \pi 4 + k_1x \right)}{\tan \left( \frac \pi 4 + k_1x \right)}}{k_2\sec^2 \left(k_2 x\right)} & \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Differentiate up and down w.r.t. }x} \\ & = \frac {\frac {2k_1}1}{k_2} = \frac {2k_1}{k_2} \end{aligned}

2 k 1 k 2 = 1 k 2 k 1 = 2 \begin{aligned} \implies \frac {2k_1}{k_2} & = 1 \\ \frac {k_2}{k_1} & = \boxed{2} \end{aligned}

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