Is 4 0 2 a quadratic residue m o d 9 9 1 ?
Hint: 9 9 1 is a prime.
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g cd ( 4 0 2 , 9 9 1 ) = 1 meaning that Jacobi Symbol ( 9 9 1 4 0 2 ) must be 1 if 4 0 2 is a quadratic residue modulo 9 9 1 .
However by the properties of Jacobi Symbol,
( 9 9 1 4 0 2 ) = ( 9 9 1 2 0 1 ) = ( 2 0 1 1 8 7 ) = ( 1 8 7 1 4 ) = − ( 1 8 7 7 ) = ( 7 5 ) = ( 5 2 ) = − 1
Hence, N o
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We start with ( 9 9 1 4 0 2 ) = ( 9 9 1 2 ) ( 9 9 1 3 ) ( 9 9 1 6 7 ) Now 9 9 1 ≡ − 1 ( m o d 8 ) , and so ( 9 9 1 2 ) = 1 . Also 4 1 ( 3 − 1 ) ( 9 9 1 − 1 ) and 4 1 ( 6 7 − 1 ) ( 9 9 1 − 1 ) are both odd, and hence ( 9 9 1 4 0 2 ) = − ( 3 9 9 1 ) × − ( 6 7 9 9 1 ) = ( 3 1 ) ( 6 7 5 3 ) = ( 6 7 5 3 ) Now 4 1 ( 5 3 − 1 ) ( 6 7 − 1 ) is even, and hence ( 9 9 1 4 0 2 ) = ( 5 3 6 7 ) = ( 5 3 1 4 ) = ( 5 3 2 ) ( 5 3 7 ) Now 5 3 ≡ 5 ( m o d 8 ) and 4 1 ( 7 − 1 ) ( 5 3 − 1 ) is even, and so ( 9 9 1 4 0 2 ) = − ( 7 5 3 ) = − ( 7 4 ) = − 1 which means that 4 0 2 is not a quadratic residue modulo 9 9 1 .