Let r 1 , r 2 , . . . , r 2 0 1 4 be the roots, not all necessarily distinct, of the polynomial x 2 0 1 4 + x 2 0 + x 1 4 + 2 0 1 4 . The polynomial with roots
r 2 2 + r 3 2 + ⋯ + r 2 0 1 4 2 − r 1 2 r 2 + r 3 + ⋯ + r 2 0 1 4 − r 1 , r 1 2 + r 3 2 + ⋯ + r 2 0 1 4 2 − r 2 2 r 1 + r 3 + ⋯ + r 2 0 1 4 − r 2 , ⋯ , r 1 2 + r 2 2 + ⋯ + r 2 0 1 3 2 − r 2 0 1 4 2 r 1 + r 2 + ⋯ + r 2 0 1 3 − r 2 0 1 4
has the form a x b + x c + x d + e , for some positive integers a , b , c , d , and e . Find a + b + c + d + e .
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Let S n denote the sum of the n th powers of the roots of the given polynomial. From Newton's sums, we have S 1 = 0 and S 2 = 0 . This means that the sum of any 2 0 1 3 roots of this polynomial equals the negative of the last root: a 1 + a 2 + . . . + a n − 1 + a n + 1 + . . . + a 2 0 1 4 = − a n . Same thing for the squares of the roots: a 1 2 + a 2 2 + . . . + a n − 1 2 + a n + 1 2 + . . . + a 2 0 1 4 2 = − a n 2 . Thus,
r 2 2 + r 3 2 + ⋯ + r 2 0 1 4 2 − r 1 2 r 2 + r 3 + ⋯ + r 2 0 1 4 − r 1 = − r 1 2 − r 1 2 − r 1 − r 1 = − 2 r 1 2 − 2 r 1 = r 1 1 .
Similarly, the other expressions evaluate as r 2 1 , r 3 1 , . . . , r 2 0 1 4 1 . The polynomial with these roots is 2 0 1 4 x 2 0 1 4 + x 2 0 0 0 + x 1 9 9 4 + 1 , so a + b + c + d + e = 8 0 2 3 .