The perimeter of a circumference of radius units and center is divided into equal parts. Find, as tends to infinitum, the limit of the arithmetic mean of the lengths of all circumferences tangent to the first one, passing through the points of division and a fixed point that is units to
Try Part I
Bonus: Generalise this problem when the radius is and is with . The answer has a closed form, submit your answer to 3 decimal places.
Note: sorry, the picture is clearly not very good, but I hope it helps to understand better the problem.
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I'm going to prove the general case. (In this case, a = 5 and b = 4 ).
Suppose WLOG, O = ( 0 , 0 ) , B = ( b , 0 ) and P j = ( a cos ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) , a sin ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) ) for j = 1 , 2 , . . . , n .
The centers O j of the tangent circumferences will be in the line O P j , i.e, O j = ( a λ j cos ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) , a λ j sin ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) ) Because of d ( O j , B ) = d ( O j , P j ) we have ( a λ j cos ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) − b ) 2 + a 2 λ j 2 sin 2 ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) = a 2 ( 1 − λ j ) 2 ( cos 2 ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) + sin 2 ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) ) ,i.e, b 2 + a 2 ( λ j ) 2 − 2 a b λ j cos ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) = a 2 − 2 λ j a 2 + a 2 λ j 2 ⇒ λ j = 2 a ( a − b cos ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) ) a 2 − b 2 The radii of the circumferencies are r j = d ( O j , p j ) = a ( 1 − λ j ) and then, as n tends to infinitum, the limit of the arithmetic mean of the lengths of all circumferences tangent to the first one, passing through the points of division and a fixed point B is: M = n → ∞ lim n 1 j = 1 ∑ ∞ 2 π a ( 1 − λ j ) = n → ∞ lim n 2 π j = 1 ∑ ∞ [ a − 2 ( a − b cos ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) ) a 2 − b 2 ] = = 2 π a − n → ∞ lim n π j = 1 ∑ ∞ [ 2 ( a − b cos ( ( j − 1 ) n 2 π ) ) a 2 − b 2 ] = 2 π a − 2 1 ∫ 0 2 π a − b cos ( t ) a 2 − b 2 d t = = 2 π a − π a 2 − b 2 Substituing a = 5 , b = 4 we get, M = 7 π
Note.- For doing the integral, you can make the change t = arctan ( x / 2 ) . If someone wishes it, I can do it...