L'hopital rule, but how?

Calculus Level 3

C = lim x ( ln x x ) \Large\mathfrak{\color{#D61F06}{C}}=\lim_{x\to\infty}\left(\dfrac{\ln x}{\lfloor x\rfloor}\right)

If you think that C \mathfrak{\color{#D61F06}{C}} does not exist or it is not finite submit 9.00, otherwise find: 0 5 e C x d x \Large \displaystyle\int_0^5 e^{\mathfrak{\color{#D61F06}{C}}x}~\mathrm{d}x and submit your answer to two decimal places.


The answer is 5.00.

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4 solutions

Rishabh Jain
May 18, 2016

By definition of floor function:

x 1 x x x R x-1 \leq\lfloor x\rfloor \leq x~\forall x\in\mathfrak{R}

1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x R { 0 , 1 } \implies \dfrac{1}{x}\leq\dfrac1{\lfloor x\rfloor}\leq \dfrac{1}{x-1}~\forall x\in\mathfrak R-\{0,1\}

ln x x ln x x ln x x 1 \implies \dfrac{\ln x}{x}\leq\dfrac{\ln x}{\lfloor x\rfloor}\leq \dfrac{\ln x}{x-1}

( Since ln x > 0 as x ) (\small{\color{#D61F06}{\text{Since }\ln x>0\text{ as }x\to \infty}})

lim x ln x x lim x ln x x lim x ln x x 1 \implies \displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{\ln x}{x}\leq\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{\ln x}{\lfloor x\rfloor}\leq\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{\ln x}{x-1}

By Squeeze theorem C \mathfrak{\color{#D61F06}{C}} is 0 0 since:-

lim x ln x x = lim x ln x x 1 = 0 ( By L h o p i t a l ) \displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{\ln x}{x}=\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{\ln x}{x-1}=0~~(\text{By }\color{#20A900}{L'hopital})

And hence integration is simply:

0 5 ( 1 ) d x ( LOL ) \Large\displaystyle\int_0^5(1)\mathrm{d}x~~~~~~~~~~(\small{\text{LOL}})

= 5 \huge =\color{#007fff}{\boxed{5}}~~~~~~~~~

that was a nice use of sandwich theorem .... i like this question ... +1

Sabhrant Sachan - 5 years ago

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Thanks and keep solving!! :-)

Rishabh Jain - 5 years ago
Josh Banister
May 18, 2016

Let { x } \{x\} be the functional part of x x such that x = x + { x } x = \lfloor x \rfloor + \{x\} . This function has the property that 0 { x } < 1 0 \leq \{x\} < 1 and so 0 { x } x < 1 x 0 \leq \frac{\{x\}}{x} < \frac{1}{x} when x > 0 x>0 . If we take the limit as x x goes to infinity then by the sandwich theorem, we have lim x { x } x = 0 \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\{x\}}{x} = 0

lim x ln x x = lim x ln x x x x = lim x ln x x x x + { x } x = lim x ln x x 1 + 0 = lim x ln x x \begin{aligned} \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\ln x}{\lfloor x \rfloor} &= \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{\ln x}{x}}{\frac{\lfloor x \rfloor}{x}} \\ &= \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{\ln x}{x}}{\frac{x}{x} + \frac{\{x\}}{x}} \\ &= \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{\ln x}{x}}{1 + 0} \\ &= \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\ln x}{x} \end{aligned}

This is a standard limit which has value 0 0 so therefore C = 0 \mathfrak{C} = 0

After this, we simply have to calculate 0 5 e C x d x \int_0^5 e^{\mathfrak{C} x} \,dx which equals 0 5 e 0 x d x = 0 5 d x = 5 \int_0^5 {e^0x} \,dx = \int_0^5 dx = 5

Nice and thanks.... (+1)... :-)

Rishabh Jain - 5 years ago
Prince Loomba
Jun 11, 2016

Write floor (x) as x-{x}, since x tends to infinity , x-{x} tends to x as {x} is very small. Thus l n ( x ) f l o o r ( x ) = l n ( x ) x \frac {ln(x)}{floor(x)}=\frac{ln(x)}{x} , whose limit is 0 at infinity. Thus the required answer is integration of e 0 e^{0} from 1 to 5, which is 5.

Divyansh Tripathi
May 21, 2016

pls don't write next time to answer upto 2 decimals for integral answers. I have to recheck my calculation 5 times!!!!!!!. Nice question

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