Limit of a function with e

Calculus Level 2

If f ( x ) f(x) is a continuous function defined on the domain x > 1 2 x > -\frac{1}{2} that satisfies ( e x 1 ) f ( x ) = ln ( 1 + 2 x ) , (e^x-1)f(x)=\ln(1+2x), what is f ( 0 ) ? f(0)?


The answer is 2.

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4 solutions

Same solution as @Ali Caglayan

If ( e x 1 ) f ( x ) = ln ( 1 + 2 x ) (e^x-1)f(x)=\ln(1+2x) then f ( x ) = ln ( 1 + 2 x ) e x 1 f(x)=\frac{\ln(1+2x)}{e^x-1}

If x = 0 x=0 then f ( x ) = ln ( 1 + 2 × 0 ) e 0 1 = ln ( 1 + 0 ) 1 1 = ln ( 1 ) 0 = 0 0 f(x)=\frac{\ln(1+2 \times 0)}{e^0-1}=\frac{\ln(1+0)}{1-1}=\frac{\ln(1)}{0}=\frac{0}{0} so that wouldn't work

However since f ( x ) f(x) is continuous and he answer is the indeterminate form of 0 0 \frac{0}{0} so we use L’H o ^ pitals rule \text{L'H}\hat{\text{o}}\text{pitals rule}

f ( 0 ) = lim x 0 f ( x ) = lim x 0 ln ( 1 + 2 x ) e x 1 = lim x 0 d d x ln ( 2 x + 1 ) d d x e x 1 = lim x 0 2 2 x + 1 e x \begin{aligned} f(0) = \displaystyle \lim_{x \to 0} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\ln(1+2x)}{e^x-1} \\ = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\frac{d}{dx}\ln(2x+1)}{\frac{d}{dx}e^x-1} \\ = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\frac{2}{2x+1}}{e^x} \end{aligned}

Now we plug in 0 so the limit's answer is 2 2 × 0 + 1 e 0 = 2 0 + 1 1 = 2 \frac{\frac{2}{2 \times 0+1}}{e^0}=\frac{\frac{2}{0+1}}{1}=\boxed{\large{2}}

David Jessop
Nov 6, 2019

f ( x ) = lim x 0 ln ( 1 + 2 x ) e x 1 f(x) = \lim_{x\rightarrow0} \dfrac{\ln(1 + 2x)}{e^x - 1} Now either use l'Hôpital's rule as explained in other posts, or expand the numerator and denominator functions as Taylor series: e x = 1 + x + x 2 2 + e^x = 1 + x + \frac{x^2}{2} + \ldots ln ( 1 + 2 x ) = 2 x 2 x 2 + \ln(1 + 2x) = 2x - 2x^2 + \ldots As we're interested in the limit as x 0 x \rightarrow 0 , we can drop all but the leading-order terms, hence f ( x ) = lim x 0 2 x x = 2 f(x) = \lim_{x\rightarrow0} \dfrac{2x}{x} = 2

Substitute 0.000001 as the value of x instead of 0 so that the answer won't be indeterminate..

We are given that f ( x ) f(x) is continuous therefore lim x c f ( x ) = f ( c ) \displaystyle \lim_{x\to c}f(x)=f(c) for some c c . Now rearranging the expression to f ( x ) = log ( 2 x + 1 ) e x 1 f(x)=\frac{\log(2x+1)}{e^x-1} We can see that plugging x = 0 x=0 will not work however taking a limit is a perfectly acceptable way to define the function (as it is continuous) therefore we have a limit problem.

f ( 0 ) = lim x 0 f ( x ) = lim x 0 log ( 2 x + 1 ) e x 1 = L’H lim x 0 d d x log ( 2 x + 1 ) d d x e x 1 = lim x 0 2 / ( 2 x + 1 ) e x = 2 / ( 2 0 + 1 ) e 0 = 2 \begin{aligned} f(0)=\lim_{x\to 0}f(x)=&\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\log(2x+1)}{e^x-1} \\ \stackrel{\text{L'H}}{=}&\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}\log(2x+1)}{\frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}e^x-1} \\ =&\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{2/(2x+1)}{e^x}\\ =&\frac{2/(2\cdot 0+1)}{e^0}=\boxed{2} \end{aligned}

We are allowed to use L'Hospitals rule as we have an indeterminate form 0 0 \frac00 .

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