If , and are positive integers and is square-free, find .
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By Riemann Sums we have: S = n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n n 3 + k 3 n 2 = n → ∞ lim n 1 k = 1 ∑ n 1 + ( n k ) 3 1 = ∫ 0 1 x 3 + 1 d x = 3 1 ∫ 0 1 ( x + 1 1 − x 2 − x + 1 x − 2 ) d x = 3 1 ∫ 0 1 x + 1 d x − 3 1 ∫ 0 1 ( x − 2 1 ) 2 + ( 2 3 ) 2 x − 2 d x For the second integral make the change x − 2 1 = 2 3 tan θ , then: S = 3 1 ln ( x + 1 ) ∣ ∣ ∣ x 1 = 0 x 2 = 1 + 3 1 − π / 6 ∫ π / 6 ( 3 − tan θ ) d θ = 3 1 ln ( 2 ) + 3 1 ( 3 θ + ln ( cos θ ) ) ∣ ∣ ∣ θ 1 = − π / 6 θ 2 = π / 6 = 3 1 ln ( 2 ) + 3 1 ( 3 3 π ) = 9 3 ln ( 2 ) + 3 π = 9 3 π + ln ( 8 ) So, the answer is 3 + 8 + 9 = 2 0 .