liouville tau

n = 1 λ ( n ) τ ( n ) n 2 = π a b a + b = ? \sum_{n=1}^\infty \dfrac{\lambda(n)\tau(n)}{n^2}=\dfrac{\pi^a}{b}\\ a+b=? notations:

λ ( n ) \lambda(n) denotes the Liouville function

τ ( n ) \tau(n) is the divisor count function.


The answer is 229.

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2 solutions

Mark Hennings
Aug 28, 2016

Since k = 0 ( 1 ) k ( k + 1 ) x k = ( 1 + x ) 2 x < 1 \sum_{k=0}^\infty (-1)^k (k+1)x^k \; = \; (1 + x)^{-2} \qquad |x| < 1 we have n = 1 λ ( n ) τ ( n ) n 2 = p ( 1 + 1 p 2 ) 2 = ( 15 π 2 ) 2 = π 4 225 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\lambda(n)\tau(n)}{n^2} \; = \; \prod_{p} \left(1 + \tfrac{1}{p^2}\right)^{-2} \; = \; \left(\frac{15}{\pi^2}\right)^{-2} \; = \; \frac{\pi^4}{225}

Aareyan Manzoor
Feb 20, 2016

Consider a completely multiplicative function, f(n), then ( f f ) ( n ) = d n f ( d ) f ( n / d ) = d n f ( n ) = f ( n ) τ ( n ) (f*f)(n)=\sum_{d|n} f(d)f(n/d)=\sum_{d|n} f(n)=f(n)\tau(n) in this case, λ ( n ) \lambda(n) is a multiplicative function. We put this in dirichlet series to get ( n = 1 λ ( n ) n 2 ) 2 = n = 1 λ ( n ) τ ( n ) n 2 \left(\sum_{n=1} \dfrac{\lambda(n)}{n^2}\right)^2=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \dfrac{\lambda(n)\tau(n)}{n^2} We know the dirichlet series for n = 1 λ ( n ) n s = ζ ( 2 s ) ζ ( s ) \sum_{n=1} \dfrac{\lambda(n)}{n^s}=\dfrac{\zeta(2s)}{\zeta(s)} So we have n = 1 λ ( n ) τ ( n ) n 2 = ζ 2 ( 4 ) ζ 2 ( 2 ) = π 4 225 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \dfrac{\lambda(n)\tau(n)}{n^2}=\dfrac{\zeta^2(4)}{\zeta^2(2)}=\dfrac{\pi^4}{225}

Wow, that is clever, f τ = f f f\tau=f*f ... I did not see that coming! (+1)

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 3 months ago

Alright... this is getting a little overkill :P

Julian Poon - 5 years, 3 months ago

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