Logarithmic inequation

Algebra Level 4

Find the complete solution set of the inequality below. log x 2 ( 5 x + 1 ) 25 ( 1 x ) > 0 \log_{x} \frac{2(5x+1)}{25(1-x)} > 0 If the answer is of the form [ a , 161 35 b ] \left[a,\dfrac{161}{35b}\right] , then find a + b a+b .

23 0 6 7

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2 solutions

Shaun Leong
Feb 8, 2016

log 10 x + 2 25 ( 1 x ) log x > 0 \dfrac{\log {\dfrac{10x+2}{25(1-x)}}}{\log x}>0

where the logarithm is in an arbitrary base.

Multiplying by ( log x ) 2 (\log x)^2 which is always positive, log 10 x + 2 25 ( 1 x ) log x > 0 \log {\dfrac{10x+2}{25(1-x)}} \log x > 0

Note that since x x is the base of the original logarithm, we have x > 0 , x 1 x>0, x \neq 1 .

Case 1: x > 1 x>1

log 10 x + 2 25 ( 1 x ) > 0 \log {\dfrac{10x+2}{25(1-x)}}>0 10 x + 2 25 ( 1 x ) > 1 \dfrac{10x+2}{25(1-x)} > 1

Multiplying by 25 ( 1 x ) 2 25(1-x)^2 which is always positive and bringing the RHS over to the LHS, ( 1 x ) ( 35 x 23 ) > 0 (1-x)(35x-23)>0 23 35 < x < 1 \dfrac {23}{35}<x<1

This case has no solution since we originally assumed x > 1 x>1 .

Case 2: x < 1 x<1

log 10 x + 2 25 ( 1 x ) < 0 \log {\dfrac{10x+2}{25(1-x)}}<0 10 x + 2 25 ( 1 x ) < 1 \dfrac{10x+2}{25(1-x)}<1

Multiplying by 25 ( 1 x ) 2 25(1-x)^2 which is always positive and bringing the RHS over to the LHS, ( 1 x ) ( 35 x 23 ) < 0 (1-x)(35x-23)<0

Hence x < 23 35 x<\dfrac {23}{35} or x > 1 x>1 (rejected since we originally assumed x < 1 x<1 ).

Hence we have 0 < x < 23 35 0<x<\dfrac {23}{35} which follows from our first observation above and case 2.

Thus x ( 0 , 161 35 7 ) x \in (0,\dfrac {161}{35*7}) a + b = 7 \Rightarrow a+b = \boxed{7}

(Note: I think the solution set should be ( 0 , 23 35 ) (0,\dfrac {23}{35}) rather than [ 0 , 23 35 ] [0,\dfrac {23}{35}] .)

Great solution!

And Agreed. The brackets need to be changed.

Pulkit Gupta - 5 years, 4 months ago

Yes. The bracket should be open bracket and not closed one.

Anurag Pandey - 4 years, 10 months ago
Anurag Pandey
Jul 27, 2016

The better solution would be to first find the domain of x that would come out to be (0,1).

Then use this inequality ;

(x-1) {(10x+2)/(25-25x) - 1} >0

Could anyone guess how this inequality came.? 😀😀

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