Logarithmic quadratic inequality

Algebra Level 5

The equation a x 2 b x + c = 0 ax^2-bx+c=0 has two distinct roots from the interval ( 0 , 1 ) (0, 1) . Find the largest value of λ \lambda that ensures that log 5 a b c λ \log_5 abc \geq \lambda for all choices of natural numbers a , b , c a, b, c .


The answer is 2.000.

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2 solutions

Utkarsh Dwivedi
Jun 8, 2016

Given that the roots must lie in ( 0 , 1 ) (0,1) . The roots will be b ± b 2 4 a c 2 a \frac{b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a} . As a , b , c a,b,c are natural so clearly b ± b 2 4 a c 2 a > 0 \frac{b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}>0 . This will remain true for all a , b , c a,b,c .

Now for the other condition: b ± b 2 4 a c 2 a < 1 \frac{b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}<1

Let us first take, b + b 2 4 a c 2 a < 1 b < a + c \frac{b + \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}<1\Rightarrow b <a+c \ldots A

Secondly take, b b 2 4 a c 2 a < 1 \frac{b -\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}<1

We will have to take two cases for it:

Case 1 b 2 a > 0 b-2a>0

Putting this would give us b > a + c b>a+c but this contradicts A .Hence, we blindly accept Case 2 .

Case 2 b 2 a 0 b-2a \leq 0

Hence we have another inequality as b 2 a 0 b-2a \leq 0 \ldots B

Also as the roots are distinct so b 2 > 4 a c b^2>4ac \ldots C

Try putting C in A to get a c a\neq c \ldots D

Now we focus on C . Try first b = 1 b=1 then b = 2 b=2 and so on and every supposition will contradict any of A , B or D . The least value you will get by putting b = 5 b=5 to give a = 6 a=6 and c = 1 c=1

This would give us λ = 2 \lambda = 2 .

Good except a=5, not 6.

Sal Gard - 5 years ago
Abhijeet Verma
Sep 24, 2015

@Sandeep Bhardwaj Sir,please post your solution(I got it correct, but still want to see the best and shortest way to do it)

abhijeet sir please post your solution . i have been trying this problem since past few days but i am unable to solve it . please help me

Utkarsh Grover - 5 years, 8 months ago

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