There are three gods, the god of Lie, that only lies, the god of Truth, that only tells the truth and the god of falsehood that says both truth and lie. They are seated in a row, and a wise man wants to find the identity of these three gods.
He asks for the first:
What god is to your left?
The first replied: The god of Truth.
He asks for the second:
Who are you?
The second replied: I am the god of Lie.
Finally he asksthe third:
What god is to your right?
The third replied: The god of Falsehood.
If these three gods are in a row, what is their identities?
The first, second and third are respectively:
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Let's call all the gods, in order: Z, Y, X. The cases, or inferences, would be: X -> Y <- Z. The symbol: '<-/->' means inference from something about something. And the god's nature: false, truth and falsehood will be represented by the words: F, T , L.
The first case: Z -> Y: Y=T. If Z says that Y are truth, for him (Z) there's only left being L or F god.
The second case: Y -> Y: Y = L. If Y says that he is the lier one, he cannot be lying because he would be telling the truth. But, if he is the truth one, he would also not being telling the truth. So, for him there's only left being F god. F means he can be or Truth or False, all these two statements into one unique universe.
The third case: X -> Y: Y = F. If X says that Y are falsehood, for him (X) there's only left being T or L.
From all these cases we can say, necesseraly, that Y is F. But also that Z and X have absolutly opposite nature.
Lets get into our conclusion.
Well, Z says that Y is truth, but Y is F as we know. So, Z is L. Well, they are from opposite nature, by this we can already get our identity; but let's maintain our way of thinking: X says that Y is F, which is True. So, for X he can only be the T god.
That's it ^^
Z = L; Y = F; X = T.