Suppose there is a village. A man living in the village worships a near by holy place. The holy place consists of four temples and a Magical Pond. Magical Pond is called so because anything that is put into the pond becomes double the number. The man brings some flowers from the village to offer it to all the four temples. First of all, he washes the flowers in the pond and they become double and then he offers 16 flowers to the first temple. Then again washes the left flowers in the pond and offers 16 flowers to the second temple and so on. After he offers 16 flowers to the fourth (last) temple, he is left over with no flower. Tell me how many flowers did he bring from the village.
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The easiest solution of this kind of problem is you have to go in backward logical direction. Solution -> In the end number of flowers = 0; Before offering to the fourth temple = 0+16 = 0(Offered 16 flowers to fourth temple); Before washing in the pond = 16/2 = 8(The flowers doubled after being washed in the pond); Before offering to the third temple = 8+16 = 24(Offered 16 flowers to third temple); Before washing in the pond = 24/2 = 12(The flowers doubled after being washed in the pond); Before offering to the second temple = 12+16 = 28(Offered 16 flowers to second temple); Before washing in the pond = 28/2 = 14(The flowers doubled after being washed in the pond); Before offering to the first temple = 14+16 = 30(Offered 16 flowers to first temple); Before washing in the pond = 30/2 = 15(The flowers doubled after being washed in the pond); Number of flowers brought from the village = 15 Flowers.