Logs and Special Lines.

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Let x ( t ) = a ( ln ( t ) ) 2 + b , y ( t ) = c ( ln ( t ) ) 3 + d x(t) = a(\ln(t))^2 + b, \:\ y(t) = c(\ln(t))^3 + d .

There are two lines which are both tangent and normal to the above curve.

Find the angle λ \lambda (in degrees) made between the two lines above.

Express the result to five decimal places.


The answer is 109.47122.

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1 solution

Rocco Dalto
Oct 5, 2018

Let x ( t ) = a ( ln ( t ) ) 2 + b , y ( t ) = c ( ln ( t ) ) 3 + d d y d x ( t = t 1 ) = 3 c 2 a ln ( t 1 ) x(t) = a(\ln(t))^2 + b,\:\ y(t) = c(\ln(t))^3 + d \implies \dfrac{dy}{dx}|(t = t_{1}) = \dfrac{3c}{2a}\ln(t_{1}) \implies the tangent line to the curve at ( x ( t 1 ) , y ( t 1 ) ) (x(t_{1}),y(t_{1})) is: y ( c ( ln ( t 1 ) ) 3 + d ) = 3 c 2 a ln ( t 1 ) ( x ( a ( ln ( t 1 ) ) 2 + b ) ) y - (c(\ln(t_{1}))^3 + d) = \dfrac{3c}{2a}\ln(t_{1})(x - (a(\ln(t_{1}))^2+ b))

Let the line be normal to the curve at ( x ( t 2 ) , y ( t 2 ) ) c ln ( t 2 t 1 ) ( ( ln ( t 2 ) ) 2 + ln ( t 1 ) ln ( t 2 ) + ( ln ( t 1 ) ) 2 ) = 3 c 2 ln ( t 1 ) ( ln ( t 2 ) + ln ( t 1 ) ) ln ( t 2 t 1 ) (x(t_{2}),y(t_{2})) \implies c\ln(\dfrac{t_{2}}{t_{1}})((\ln(t_{2}))^2 + \ln(t_{1})\ln(t_{2}) + (\ln(t_{1}))^2) = \dfrac{3c}{2}\ln(t_{1})(\ln(t_{2}) + \ln(t_{1}))\ln(\dfrac{t_{2}}{t_{1}}) \implies

c 2 ln ( t 2 t 1 ) ( 2 ( ln ( t 2 ) ) 2 ln ( t 1 ) ln ( t 2 ) ( ln ( t 1 ) ) 2 ) = 0 \dfrac{c}{2}\ln(\dfrac{t_{2}}{t_{1}})(2(\ln(t_{2}))^2 - \ln(t_{1})\ln(t_{2}) - (\ln(t_{1}))^2) = 0 t 1 t 2 ln ( t 2 ) = ln ( t 1 ) 2 t 2 = 1 t 1 t_{1} \neq t_{2} \implies \ln(t_{2}) = -\dfrac{\ln(t_{1})}{2} \implies t_{2} = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{t_1}}

Since the tangent is also normal to the curve at ( x ( t 2 ) , y ( t 2 ) ) 9 c 2 4 a 2 ln ( t 1 ) ln ( t 2 ) = 1 (x(t_{2}),y(t_{2})) \implies \dfrac{9c^2}{4a^2}\ln(t_{1})\ln(t_{2}) = -1 9 c 2 8 a 2 ( ln ( t 1 ) ) 2 = 1 ln ( t 1 ) = ± 2 2 a 3 c \implies \dfrac{9c^2}{8a^2}(\ln(t_{1}))^2 = 1 \implies \ln(t_{1}) = \pm\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}a}{3c} \implies the two slopes are ± 2 \pm\sqrt{2} .

tan ( θ ) = 2 θ = arctan ( 2 ) 54.73561 λ = 2 θ 109.47122 \tan(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \implies \theta = \arctan(\sqrt{2}) \approx 54.73561 \implies \lambda = 2\theta \approx \boxed{109.47122} .

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