Let the capital letters A and B be single digits that form a two-digit number when concatenated as shown below.
A B = 2 × A × B
What is the sum of the positive integer values of the capital letters?
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1 0 A + B = 2 A B ⟹ B =
2 A − 1 1 0 A = 5 + 2 A − 1 5 .
Since B ≤ 9 , 2 A − 1 5 ≤ 4 ⟹ A ≥ 2 .
Since B is an integer, 2 A − 1 5 ≥ 1 ⟹ A ≤ 3 .
Hence A can either be 2 or be 3 . It's easy to check that B is an integer for A = 3 only, and the value of B is 6 .
So A + B = 9 .
A B = 1 0 x + y = 2 × A × B 2 x y
If 2 x y ends with the digit y (as seen in 1 0 x + y ), then 2 x must either be 1 or 6 . But 2 x can't be 1 since it would mean that x is non-integer. So x must be 3 .
3 0 + y = 6 y
The only multiples of 6 in the line of 3 0 is 3 0 and 3 6 . If 3 0 + y = 3 0 , that would mean y is 0 . So 3 0 + y must be equal to 3 6 . Meaning, y must be 6 .
A = 3 , B = 6
The values' sum is 3 + 6 = 9 .
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Some sneaky factorisation works here: we can rewrite the given condition 2 A B = 1 0 A + B
in the form ( 2 A − 1 ) ( B − 5 ) = 5
From this it's easy to see the only solution (in digits A , B ) is A = 3 , B = 6 giving the answer 9 .