Looks like an spherical square in the middle

Geometry Level 5

A disc of radius 1 unit is cut into 4 quadrants. These are placed in a square of side 1 unit (these quadrants do not have any part outside the square). What is the least possible area of overlap shared by all quadrants?

If this area can be written as a + b c + d π e \dfrac {a+b\sqrt{c}+d\pi}{e} , where a a , b b , c c d d and e e are integers , with c c and e e being positive, c c being square-free and gcd ( a , b , d , e ) = 1 \gcd(a,b,d,e)=1 , find a b c d e abcde .


The answer is -81.

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4 solutions

The expression derived in the sketch is for a square of one unit. The sketch is a copy of my solution for a similar problem.
So the area is 3 3 3 + 1 π 3 = a b c + d π e . \dfrac{3-3\sqrt3+1*\pi} 3=\dfrac{a-b\sqrt c+d*\pi} e.\\
So abcde= - 3 3 3 1 3= - 81.

Rohit Ner
Jun 2, 2016

On solving eqn. no. 4 and 5 from first graph, we get point of intersection of the circles E E as ( 3 1 2 2 , 3 1 2 2 ) \left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2\sqrt{2}},\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)

Required area is

8 α + 4 β = 8 ( α + β ) 4 β = 8 0 3 1 2 2 1 x 2 1 2 d x 4 ( 3 1 2 2 ) 2 = 8 [ x 2 1 x 2 + 1 2 sin 1 ( x ) 1 2 x ] 3 1 2 2 0 ( 2 3 ) = 3 3 3 + π 3 \begin{aligned} 8\alpha +4\beta&=8(\alpha+\beta)-4\beta \\&=8\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \sqrt { 3 } -1 }{ 2\sqrt { 2 } } }{ \sqrt { 1-{ x }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } } dx -4{ \left( \frac { \sqrt { 3 } -1 }{ 2\sqrt { 2 } } \right) }^{ 2 }\\&=8\left[ \frac { x }{ 2 } \sqrt { 1-{ x }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \sin ^{ -1 }{ \left( x \right) } -\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } x \right] \begin{matrix} \frac { \sqrt { 3 } -1 }{ 2\sqrt { 2 } } \\ \\ 0 \end{matrix}-(2-\sqrt{3})\\&\huge\color{#3D99F6}{=\boxed{\dfrac{3-3\sqrt{3}+\pi}{3}}}\end{aligned}

Mrunang Kothari
Aug 3, 2019

What I have below is the Co-ordinate geometry approach, and hints.

Step 1: Draw 4 circles centered at (0,0) , (1,0) , (1,1) and (0,1) with their radii being 1. Also draw lines x=1 and y=1. We get that we make a figure similar to the one question describes when we look at the square formed by the co-ordinate axis and the lines x=1 and y=1.

Step 2: Find the intersection of the circles, the points which make the pints of the figure which looks circular square.

Step 3: Observe the Symmetry and divide the shape in 4 equal parts by drawing lines x=1/2 and y=1/2. And finally use integration to find the area contained between the one the four equal parts and the lines x=1/2 and y=1/2. And then multiply this value by 4.

The final answer turns out to be (pi - 3*sqrt(3) + 3)/3

Marta Reece
Mar 8, 2017

The overlapping region is composed of four circular segments with central angle 3 0 30^\circ and radius 1 (image on the left).

Area of one of the segments is A = R 2 2 ( α π 180 s i n ( α ) ) = 1 2 ( π 6 1 2 ) = π 3 12 A=\frac{R^2}{2}(\frac{\alpha\pi}{180}-sin(\alpha))=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{\pi}{6}-\frac{1}{2})=\frac{\pi-3}{12}

Coordinates of the vertices of the square (image on the right), can be obtained as 1 2 \frac{1}{2} and the difference between 1 1 and the height of an equilateral triangle with side 1 1 , which is 1 3 2 1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} .

So the points are ( 1 2 , 1 3 2 ) (\frac{1}{2}, 1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) and ( 1 3 2 , 1 2 ) (1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, \frac{1}{2}) and the distance between them is s = 3 1 2 s=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{2}} . The area of the square is then s 2 = ( 3 1 ) 2 2 s^2=\frac{(\sqrt{3}-1)^2}{2} .

Adding it all together A = 4 × π 3 12 + ( 3 1 ) 2 2 = π 3 3 + 1 = 3 3 3 + π 3 A=4\times\frac{\pi-3}{12}+\frac{(\sqrt{3}-1)^2}{2}=\frac{\pi}{3}-\sqrt{3}+1=\frac{3-3\sqrt{3}+\pi}{3}

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