A unit square A B C D is such that M and N are the midpoints of B C and C D respectively. A straight line is drawn from A to N and another from D to M . This two lines A N and D M meet at O which is inside square A B C D . Let the area of A B M O be b a for coprime positive integers a and b . a + b = ?
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Let P be the midpoint of A D and Q be a point on B Q so that M Q is perpendicular to B P . Now note that ∠ B A P = ∠ B Q M = 9 0 degrees and ∠ A B P = ∠ A B M − ∠ Q B M = 9 0 − ∠ Q B M = 1 8 0 − 9 0 − ∠ Q B M = 1 8 0 − ∠ B Q M − ∠ Q B M = ∠ B M Q . As such, △ A B P and △ Q M B are similar triangles.
Now let B Q = x . If A B = 1 , then A P = B M = 2 1 . Then considering that △ A B P and △ Q M B are similar, Q M B Q = A B A P = 2 1 . We have Q M x = 2 1 therefore Q M = 2 x . Employing Pythagoras' Theorem:
B Q 2 + Q M 2 = B M 2
x 2 + ( 2 x ) 2 = ( 2 1 ) 2
x 2 + 2 2 x 2 = 2 2 1
( 1 + 4 ) x 2 = 4 1
5 x 2 = 4 1
x 2 = 5 × 4 1
x 2 = 2 0 1
Next A B B P = Q M B M or 1 B P = 2 x 2 1 which means B P = 4 x 1 .
Letting R be where A N and B P meet, we also see that △ A R P and △ M Q B are congruent triangles so that A R = Q M = 2 x and P R = B Q = x .
So area of △ A R B = 2 1 × A R × B R = 2 1 × 2 x × ( 4 x 1 − x ) = x × ( 4 x 1 − x ) = 4 1 − x 2 , area of △ B Q M = 2 1 × B Q × Q M = 2 1 × x × 2 x = x 2 and area of rectangle Q R O M = Q M × Q R = 2 x ( 4 x 1 − 2 x ) = 2 1 − 4 x 2 .
Adding these three areas gives us 4 3 − 4 x 2 = 4 3 − 2 0 4 = 4 × 5 3 × 5 − 2 0 4 = 2 0 1 5 − 2 0 4 = 2 0 1 5 − 4 = 2 0 1 1
a = 1 1 , b = 2 0 hence a + b = 1 1 + 2 0 = 3 1
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Put A B C D in a coordinate system as above
We have to find the intersection O between the lines passing trhough A N and D M
⎩ ⎨ ⎧ l A N : y = 2 x l D M : y = − 2 1 x + 1
⟹ O = ( 5 2 , 5 4 )
Using Gauss shoelace formula to calculate the area of △ O D N :
A O D N = 2 1 ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 5 2 + 2 1 − ( 5 2 + 1 0 4 ) ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ = 2 0 1
We can now calculate the area of A B M O :
A A B M O = A A B C D − A A D N − A M C D + A O D N = 1 − 2 1 − 2 1 + 2 0 1 = 2 0 1 1 = b a
⟹ a + b = 1 1 + 2 0 = 3 1